Lesson 1 – Introduction to Grammar Flashcards
1. To be able to define "Grammar". 2. To know basic Latin pronunciation. 3. To know the elements of speech: letters, syllables and words. 4. To memorize the names of the 8 parts of speech.
What is Grammar?
Grammar is the art of speaking and writing well.
Where does Grammar get its name?
Grammar gets its name from the Greek word gramma, which signifies “a letter”.
How many letters are used in Latin?
In Latin, twenty-three letters are used: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, X, Y, Z.
What is the 1st Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Aa
What is the 2nd Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Bb
What is the 3rd Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Cc
What is the 4th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Dd
What is the 5th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Ee
What is the 6th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Ff
What is the 7th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Gg
What is the 8th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Hh
What is the 9th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Ii
What is the 10th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Kk
What is the 11th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Ll
What is the 12th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Mm
What is the 13th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Nn
What is the 14th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Oo
What is the 15th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Pp
What is the 16th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
What is the 17th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Rr
What is the 18th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Ss
What is the 19th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Tt
What is the 20th Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Vv
What is the 21st Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Xx
What is the 22nd Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Yy
What is the 23rd Latin letter, and how is it pronounced?
Zz
How are the letters divided?
The letters are divided into vowels and consonants.
How many vowels are there in Latin?
In Latin, there are five vowels: A, E, I, O and U. Y is a Greek vowel and is found only in words coming from Greek.
Why are these called vowels?
These are called vowels because they make a perfect voice when pronounced alone.
How many consonants are there?
There are sixteen consonants. H seems to be a consonant, but is only a note of aspiration.
Why are they called consonants?
They are called consonants because when joined with vowels, they make a sound with them.
What is a diphthong?
A diphthong is a conjunction of two vowels in the same syllable.
How is a diphthong to be pronounced?
A diphthong is to be pronounced with a double sound, so that each vowel of which it is compounded may be heard.
How many diphthongs are there?
Six: AE, AU, EI, EU, OE, UI; as in Nostrae, Laus, Dei, Euge, Coeli, Tui.
How is the diphthong AE pronounced?
AE as in Nostrae.
How is the diphthong AU pronounced?
AU as in Laus.
How is the diphthong EI pronounced?
EI as in Dei.
How is the diphthong EU pronounced?
EU as in Euge.
How is the diphthong OE pronounced?
OE as in Coeli.
How is the diphthong UI pronounced?
UI as in Tui.
Of what is a syllable made?
A syllable is made of one or more letters.
Of what is a word made?
A Word is made of one or more syllables, as Mors (death) and Do-mi-num (the Lord).
Of what is speech made?
Speech is made of one or more words, as Euge! (Well done!) and Dominum laudate (Praise the Lord).
How many parts of speech are there?
There are eight parts of speech: Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participle; Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection. The first four are declined, the last four are undeclined.
