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aaa bio105: genetics > Lesson 1: Introduction to Genetics > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Introduction to Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Genetics came from the word?

A

Greek Word Gen, meaning “to become” or “to grow”

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2
Q

branch of biology that deals with the principles of heredity and variation in all living things

A

Genetics

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3
Q
  • core of biological science
  • impinges on other natural and behavioral sciences
A

Genetics

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4
Q

Examples of Application of Genetics

A
  • albinism
  • genetic mutation
  • polyploidy
  • pedigree analysis
  • forensics
  • cancer cells
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5
Q

Pre-Mendelian Era (5)

A

Aristotle
Charles Darwin
Kolreuter
Caspar Wolff
Hippocrates

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6
Q

Each part of body produces semen which is passed on to offsprings

A

Hippocrates

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7
Q
  • proposed concept of Potentiality (Vital Heat)
  • Concept of Preformation (17th to 18th Century)
A

Aristotle (323 BC)

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8
Q

proposed theory of Pangenesis

A

Charles Darwin

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9
Q

discovered hybrids were intermediate between two parents
Gartner-studied segregating F2 populations in peas

A

Kolreuter

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10
Q

(1733- 1794)- proposed Epigenesis

A

Caspar Wolff

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11
Q

MENDELIAN ERA (Classical Genetics) 1822-1884 (5)

A

> Gregor Mendel
August Weismann
Wilhelm Roux (1883)
Hertwig (1875); Fol (1883)
Carl Correns (Germany),Hugo de Vries (Holland), Erich von Tschermak (Seysenneg)

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12
Q

laid foundation of genetics through his work on garden peas in 1866

A

Gregor Mendel

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13
Q

proposed Germplasm theory

A

August Weismann

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14
Q

discovered role of nucleus in fertilization and cell division

A

Hertwig (1875); Fol (1883)

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15
Q

duplicated Mendel’s experiments and came up with same results

A

Carl Correns (Germany)
Hugo de Vries (Holland)
Erich von Tschermak (Seysenneg)

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16
Q

chromosomes as bearers of hereditary traits in 1883

A

Wilhelm Roux

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17
Q

MENDELIAN ERA (Classical Genetics) 1822-1884 (4) Birth of Genetics

A

Cuenot, Bateson, Sanders (1902)
Bateson (1905)
Johansen (1909)
Sutton and Boveri (1903)

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18
Q

applied Mendelian principles to animals

A

Cuenot, Bateson, Sanders (1902)

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19
Q

coined ‘genetics, zygote, homozygote, heterozygote and allelomorph (allele)

A

Bateson (1905)

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20
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

A

Sutton and Boveri (1903)

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21
Q

coined ‘gene’ from Darwin’s Pangene

A

Johansen (1909)

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22
Q

Post-Mendelian Genetics: MERGING OF GENETICS AND BIOCHEMISTRY

A

Archibald Garrod(1909)
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1910)
Griffith (1927)

23
Q

published ‘Inborn Errors of Metabolism’ paving the way for the merging of Genetics and Biochemistry

A

Archibald Garrod(1909)

24
Q

discovered genes are arranged in linear array; sex linkage in Drosophila

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan (1910)

25
Q

first to study the nature of the genetic material; called it ‘Transforming Principle’

A

Griffith (1927)

26
Q

MOLECULAR GENETICS (9)

A

• McClintock (1931)
• Beadle and Tatum (1941)
• Oswald, Avery, Macleod and McCarty (1944)
• Hershey and Chase (1952)
• Watson and Crick (1953)
• Crick (1956)
• Tjio and Levan (1956)
• Meselson and Stahl (1958)
• Kornberg (1958)

27
Q

discovered ‘jumping genes’ in corn awarded Nobel prize in 1983

A

McClintock (1931)

28
Q

formulated the ‘One gene, One enzyme’ hypothesis

A

Beadle and Tatum (1941)

29
Q

identified DNA as ‘Transforming Principle’

A

Oswald, Avery, Macleod and McCarty (1944)

30
Q

using Blender Treatment, they identified that DNA is the genetic material of phage T2

A

Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (1952)

31
Q

worked out the double helix structure of DNA using the X-ray diffraction data of Wilkins and base composition data of Chargaff

A

James Watson and Francis Crick (1953)

32
Q

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology was established

A

Crick (1956)

33
Q

normal diploid chromosome number in humans is 46

A

Tjio and Levan (1956)

34
Q

demonstrated that DNA replication is semiconservative.

A

Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl (1958)

35
Q

isolated DNA polymerase I from E. coli

A

Kornberg (1958)

36
Q

MOLECULAR GENETICS (10) Part 2

A

Ochoa (1959)
Jacob and Monod (1961)
Nirenberg, Ochoa and Khorana
Gillert (1967)
Nathans and Smith (1970)
Baltimore (1970)
Boyer, Cohen and Berg (1972)
Berg (1972)
Maxam and Gilbert/Sanger (1977)
Cech and Altman (1983)
Watson’s (1988)

37
Q

isolated RNA polymerase (Nobel Prize- 1959)

A

Ochoa (1959)

38
Q

proposed the operon model for regulation of gene expression (Nobel prize 1965)

A

Jacob and Monod (1961)

39
Q

Complete genetic code (1966) was established by

A

Nirenberg, Ochoa and Khorana

40
Q

discovered DNA ligase

A

Gillert (1967)

41
Q

isolated the first restriction enzymes

A

Nathans and Smith (1970)

42
Q

identified Reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses

A

Baltimore (1970)

43
Q

developed cloning techniques

A

Boyer, Cohen and Berg (1972)

44
Q

produced first recombinant DNA in vitro

A

Berg (1972)

45
Q

published DNA sequencing techniques

A

Maxam and Gilbert/Sanger (1977)

46
Q

establish existence of catalytic RNAs

A

Cech and Altman (1983)

47
Q

acceptance of job as coordinator of ‘Human Genome Project’

A

Watson’s (1988)

48
Q

In _, , _ and _ introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA

A

James Watson and Francis Crick (1953)

49
Q

Who is the proponent of The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan’s group

50
Q

two components of chromosomes that became the candidates for the genetic material

A

> DNA
proteins

51
Q

The discovery of the genetic role of DNA began with research by _ _ in _

A

Frederick Griffith in 1928

52
Q

In 1944, ___, ___, ___, announced that the transforming substance was DNA

A

Oswald Avery
Maclyn McCarty
Colin MacLeod

53
Q

Their conclusion was based on experimental evidence that only DNA worked in ____

A

transforming harmless bacteria into pathogenic bacteria

aaa bio105: genetics (1 decks)

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