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BIO105: Genetics > Lesson 1: Introduction to Genetics > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Introduction to Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Genetics came from the word?

A

Greek Word Gen, meaning “to become” or “to grow”

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2
Q

branch of biology that deals with the principles of heredity and variation in all living things

A

Genetics

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3
Q
  • core of biological science
  • impinges on other natural and behavioral sciences
A

Genetics

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4
Q

Examples of Application of Genetics

A
  • albinism
  • genetic mutation
  • polyploidy
  • pedigree analysis
  • forensics
  • cancer cells
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5
Q

Pre-Mendelian Era (5)

A

Aristotle
Charles Darwin
Kolreuter
Caspar Wolff
Hippocrates

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6
Q

Each part of body produces semen which is passed on to offsprings

A

Hippocrates

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7
Q
  • proposed concept of Potentiality (Vital Heat)
  • Concept of Preformation (17th to 18th Century)
A

Aristotle (323 BC)

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8
Q

proposed theory of Pangenesis

A

Charles Darwin

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9
Q

discovered hybrids were intermediate between two parents
Gartner-studied segregating F2 populations in peas

A

Kolreuter

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10
Q

(1733- 1794)- proposed Epigenesis

A

Caspar Wolff

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11
Q

MENDELIAN ERA (Classical Genetics) 1822-1884 (5)

A

> Gregor Mendel
August Weismann
Wilhelm Roux (1883)
Hertwig (1875); Fol (1883)
Carl Correns (Germany),Hugo de Vries (Holland), Erich von Tschermak (Seysenneg)

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12
Q

laid foundation of genetics through his work on garden peas in 1866

A

Gregor Mendel

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13
Q

proposed Germplasm theory

A

August Weismann

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14
Q

discovered role of nucleus in fertilization and cell division

A

Hertwig (1875); Fol (1883)

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15
Q

duplicated Mendel’s experiments and came up with same results

A

Carl Correns (Germany)
Hugo de Vries (Holland)
Erich von Tschermak (Seysenneg)

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16
Q

chromosomes as bearers of hereditary traits in 1883

A

Wilhelm Roux

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17
Q

MENDELIAN ERA (Classical Genetics) 1822-1884 (4) Birth of Genetics

A

Cuenot, Bateson, Sanders (1902)
Bateson (1905)
Johansen (1909)
Sutton and Boveri (1903)

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18
Q

applied Mendelian principles to animals

A

Cuenot, Bateson, Sanders (1902)

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19
Q

coined ‘genetics, zygote, homozygote, heterozygote and allelomorph (allele)

A

Bateson (1905)

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20
Q

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

A

Sutton and Boveri (1903)

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21
Q

coined ‘gene’ from Darwin’s Pangene

A

Johansen (1909)

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22
Q

Post-Mendelian Genetics: MERGING OF GENETICS AND BIOCHEMISTRY

A

Archibald Garrod(1909)
Thomas Hunt Morgan (1910)
Griffith (1927)

23
Q

published ‘Inborn Errors of Metabolism’ paving the way for the merging of Genetics and Biochemistry

A

Archibald Garrod(1909)

24
Q

discovered genes are arranged in linear array; sex linkage in Drosophila

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan (1910)

25
first to study the nature of the genetic material; called it ‘Transforming Principle’
Griffith (1927)
26
MOLECULAR GENETICS (9)
• McClintock (1931) • Beadle and Tatum (1941) • Oswald, Avery, Macleod and McCarty (1944) • Hershey and Chase (1952) • Watson and Crick (1953) • Crick (1956) • Tjio and Levan (1956) • Meselson and Stahl (1958) • Kornberg (1958)
27
discovered ‘jumping genes’ in corn awarded Nobel prize in 1983
McClintock (1931)
28
formulated the ‘One gene, One enzyme’ hypothesis
Beadle and Tatum (1941)
29
identified DNA as ‘Transforming Principle’
Oswald, Avery, Macleod and McCarty (1944)
30
using Blender Treatment, they identified that DNA is the genetic material of phage T2
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase (1952)
31
worked out the double helix structure of DNA using the X-ray diffraction data of Wilkins and base composition data of Chargaff
James Watson and Francis Crick (1953)
32
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology was established
Crick (1956)
33
normal diploid chromosome number in humans is 46
Tjio and Levan (1956)
34
demonstrated that DNA replication is semiconservative.
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl (1958)
35
isolated DNA polymerase I from E. coli
Kornberg (1958)
36
MOLECULAR GENETICS (10) Part 2
Ochoa (1959) Jacob and Monod (1961) Nirenberg, Ochoa and Khorana Gillert (1967) Nathans and Smith (1970) Baltimore (1970) Boyer, Cohen and Berg (1972) Berg (1972) Maxam and Gilbert/Sanger (1977) Cech and Altman (1983) Watson’s (1988)
37
isolated RNA polymerase (Nobel Prize- 1959)
Ochoa (1959)
38
proposed the operon model for regulation of gene expression (Nobel prize 1965)
Jacob and Monod (1961)
39
Complete genetic code (1966) was established by
Nirenberg, Ochoa and Khorana
40
discovered DNA ligase
Gillert (1967)
41
isolated the first restriction enzymes
Nathans and Smith (1970)
42
identified Reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses
Baltimore (1970)
43
developed cloning techniques
Boyer, Cohen and Berg (1972)
44
produced first recombinant DNA in vitro
Berg (1972)
45
published DNA sequencing techniques
Maxam and Gilbert/Sanger (1977)
46
establish existence of catalytic RNAs
Cech and Altman (1983)
47
acceptance of job as coordinator of ‘Human Genome Project’
Watson’s (1988)
48
In _, , _ and _ introduced an elegant double-helical model for the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA
James Watson and Francis Crick (1953)
49
Who is the proponent of The Search for the Genetic Material: Scientific Inquiry
Thomas Hunt Morgan's group
50
two components of chromosomes that became the candidates for the genetic material
> DNA > proteins
51
The discovery of the genetic role of DNA began with research by _ _ in _
Frederick Griffith in 1928
52
In 1944, ___, ___, ___, announced that the transforming substance was DNA
Oswald Avery Maclyn McCarty Colin MacLeod
53
Their conclusion was based on experimental evidence that only DNA worked in ____
transforming harmless bacteria into pathogenic bacteria

BIO105: Genetics (1 decks)

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