Lesson 1: Introduction to Fluid Mechanics Flashcards
a science that deals with the behavior of fluids at rest or in motion, and the interaction of fluids with solids or other fluids at the boundaries
> science that deals with fluid behavior in motion at at rest, as well as its interaction with other fluids and boundaries
fluid mechanics
3 characteristics of fluid
- liquid/gas
- deforms continuously under the influence of a shear stress
- stress is proportional to strain rate
force per unit area
stress
stress perpendicular to the surface
normal stress
stress tangential component of the force
shear stress
a fluid in direct contact with a solid “sticks” to the surface
no-slip condition
flow region adjacent to the wall in which the viscous effects are significant
boundary layer
flow over a curved surface
flow separation
12 general classifications of fluid flow
- viscous
- inviscid
- external
- internal
- compressible
- incompressible
- laminar
- turbulent
- natural
- forced
- steady
- unsteady
flow where frictional effects are significant
viscous flow
flow where viscous forces are negligible
inviscid flow
flow where there is unbounded fluid over a surface
external flow
flow in a pipe or duct
internal flow
flow where container is partially filled and there is a free surface (?)
open channel flow
flow where density remains nearly constant throughout
incompressible flow (fluid?)
flow that has highly ordered fluid motion characterized by smooth layers of fluid
laminar flow
flow that is highly disordered fluid motion; typically occur at high velocities
turbulent flow
flow that alternates between laminar and turbulent
transitional flow
parameter used to determine if the flow is turbulent or laminar
Reynold’s number
flow where fluid is forced to flow over a surface or in a pipe by external means such as pump
forced flow
flow that occurs due to natural means such as buoyancy effect
natural flow
flow that has no change of properties, velocity, temp at a point with time
steady flow
flow that has no change with location over a specified region
uniform
flow that is not steady
unsteady flow
flow that is described as developing flows
transient flow
kind of unsteady flow that oscillates about the steady mean
periodic flow
quantity of a matter or a region in space chosen for study
system
mass or region outside the system
surrounding
separates the system from surrounding
boundary
3 types of system
- open (volume is controlled)
- closed (mass is controlled)
- isolated
2 types of dimensions
- primary/fundamental
- secondary (derived)
basic dimensions such as mass m, length L, temperature T
primary/fundamental dimensions
expressed in terms of the primary dimensions
secondary dimensions
the two sets of units in common use today
english and SI
