LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS & LESSON 2: INTRODUCTION TO MORAL DILEMMAS Flashcards
The term “philosophy” is composed of two words:
Philos
Sophia
Meaning of philos
Love
Meaning of sophia
Wisdom
- Composed of many questions; it is a subject that asks questions instead of giving answers
Philosophy
Philosophy is a _____ towards the definition of love and wisdom
journey
The study of morality of the act
Ethics
Standards of which individuals are encouraged to observe in their conduct
Morals
Greek origin of the word ‘ethics’
Ethos
Meaning of ethos
Character
Latin origin of the word ‘moral’
Mores
Meaning of mores
Customs
the personal compass of what is right and wrong
Morality
“Sacrifice small happiness for bigger happiness” is according to _____
Aristotle
Characteristics of Moral Standards
- Can injure or benefit human beings
- Its validity rests on reason, not on popularity
- Based on impartial considerations
- Associated with emotions such as “guilt”, “pity”, “indignation”
- Universalizable
- It is to be preferred to other values including self-interest
_____ can sometimes be blinded in implementing and following its own strict rules that it becomes incapable of empathy for the other
Reason
Allow us to create the right decision
Reason
True or false. Reason can sometimes be blinded in implementing and following its own strict rules that it becomes incapable of empathy for the other.
True
_____ seek to immediate fulfillment and it is our reason that tempers these compulsion
Feelings
Allow us to create decisions that are humane
Feelings
We need all these _____ in order for us to do something better and improve the situation
Feelings
Seek immediate fulfillment and it is our reason that tempers these compulsions
Feelings
____ allows us to create the right decisions, while _____ allows us to create decisions that are humane
Reason
Feelings
Human acts are particular actions that flow from the personhood of the human being
Moral Agent
The ______ is the first victim of a bad decision or a wrong action because a wrong decision comes from within
Moral agent
True or false. Human acts are particular actions that flow from the act and reason of the human being.
False. It flows from the personhood of the human being.
What are the three levels of moral dilemma?
Individual dilemma
Organizational dilemma
Systemic/Structural dilemma
- Within the individual
- Personal decision
Individual dilemma
Exists within an organization or a particular sector
Organizational dilemma
Individual needs vs. collective purpose of the organization
Organizational dilemma
Not all problems have clear cut solutions. Instead, managers face enduring dilemmas like trade-offs, without easy answers
Systemic/Structural dilemma
Ongoing search for satisfactory system
Systemic/Structural dilemma
- Cost of tuition, CHED’s regulations, and the Philippine Educational Market (students, teachers, parents, schools, other school employees)
- Medicine prices, price control regulations, and the Philippine Pharmaceutical Industry (Angeles & Palacios)
- Oil price increases, oil industry (retailers, Big 3), government, consumers and ordinary people
- Tourism and protecting the natural resources and the natural habitat of indigenous people
Are all examples of ____
Systemic/Structural dilemma
_____ is a faculty used in dealing with issues
Reason
A _____ is not a matter of personal preferences or tastes
Moral judgement
Identify (as comprehensively as possible) the morally relevant aspects of the situation
Moral Reasoning
Weigh the significance of the morally relevant aspects, giving due importance to the views of the persons’ concerned of what constitutes benefit and harm
Moral Reasoning
Identify (as comprehensively as possible) all the possible actions that could be pursued and their most likely consequences
Moral Reasoning
What are the three principles of impartiality?
- Each individual’s interests are equally important
- Each must acknowledge that the other person’s welfare is equally important as one’s own
- Forbids arbitrariness in dealing with people
Concerned impartiality with the interest of everyone affected by what he or she does
Conscientious moral agent
Sifts facts and examines their implications
Conscientious moral agent
Accepts principles of conduct only after scrutinizing them to make sure they are sound
Conscientious moral agent
What are the two principles of nature of morality?
- Moral judgments must be backed up by good reasons
- Morality requires the impartial consideration of each individual’s interest
Consider all of the above elements and come to a decision about which action is reasoned to be the most ethically justified
Moral Reasoning
