Lesson 1: Introduction to Computer Networks Flashcards
Application Layer
Interacts with application programs that incorporate a communication component such as your Internet browser and email
Bus Topology
The computers share the media (coaxial cable) for data transmission
CSMA/CD
The Ethernet LAN media-access method, carrier sense multiple access with collision detection
Data Link Layer
Handles error recovery, flow control (synchronization), and sequencing
Deterministic
Access to the network is provided at fixed time intervals
Firewall Protection
Used to prevent unauthorized access to your network
Frame
Provides grouping of the information for transmission
Host Number (or Host Address)
The portion of the IP address that defines the location of the networking device connected to the network; also called the host address
Hotspots
A limited geographic area that provides wireless access for the public
Hub
Broadcasts the data it receives to all devices connected to its ports
IANA
The agency that assigns IP addresses to computer networks
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, one of the major standards-setting bodies for technological development
Intranet
An internal network that provides file and resource sharing but is not accessed from the Internet
IP Internetwork
A network that uses IP addressing for identifying devices connected to the network
ipconfig /all
Enables the MAC address information to be displayed from the command prompt
ISP
Internet service provider
Link Integrity Test
Protocol used to verify that a communication link between two Ethernet devices has been established
Local Area Network (LAN)
Network of users that share computer resources in a limited area
(Media Access Control) MAC address
A unique 6-byte address assigned by the vendor of the network interface card
Mesh Topology
All networking devices are directly connected to each other
Multiport Repeater
Another name for a hub
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Translates the private IP address to a public address for routing over the Internet
Network Interface Card (NIC)
The electronic hardware used to interface the computer to the network
Network Layer
Accepts outgoing messages and combines messages or segments into packets, adding a header that includes routing information
OSI
Open system interconnect
OSI Model
The seven layers describing network functions
Overloading
Where NAT translates the home network’s private IP addresses to a single public IP address
Physical Layer
Provides the electrical and mechanical connection to the network
Ports
The interface for the networking devices
Presentation Layer
Accepts and structures the messages for the application
Private Addresses
IP addresses set aside for use in private intranets
Protocol
Set of rules established for users to exchange information
Range Extender
Device that relays the wireless signals from an access point or wireless router into areas with a weak signal or no signal at all
Session Layer
Provides the control functions necessary to establish, manage, and terminate the connections
Star Topology
The most common networking topology in today’s LANs where all networking devices connect to a central switch or hub
Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI)
Type of firewall that inspects incoming data packets to make sure they correspond to an outgoing request
Switch
Forwards a frame it receives directly out the port associated with its destination address
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, the protocol suite used for internetworks such as the Internet
Token Passing
A technique where an electrical token circulates around a network—control of the token enables the user to gain access to the network
Token Ring Hub
A hub that manages the passing of the token in a Token Ring network
Token Ring Topology
A network topology configured in a logical ring that complements the token passing protocol
Topology
Architecture of a network
Transport Layer
Is concerned with message integrity between source and destination
Uplink Port
Allows the connection of a switch to another switch without having to use a crossover cable
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Establishes a secure network connection and is a way to protect your LAN’s data from being observed by outsiders
