Lesson 1: Introduction and the classification of schizophrenia:

Question 1

Definition of schizophrenia

Answer 1

“Aseverementaldisorder
characterisedbydisruptionof
cognitiveandemotionalfunctioning.
Iteffectslanguage,thoughts,
perceptions,emotions,senseofself.
Thepersonhearsvoicesandsees
vision

Question 2

What does schizophrenia mean

Answer 2

Split mind/ brain

Question 3

Prevalence rate of schizophrenia

Answer 3

Theillnesshasa1%prevalencerate,ageof
onsetisfrom15­-45,equalchanceofmalesand
femalesgettingtheillness

Question 4

What is type 1 acute onset

Answer 4

TypeI:Acuteonset:Obviouspositivesymptomsappear
suddenlyusuallyafterstressfulevents,(e.g.days/weeksor
months)

Question 5

What is type 2 chronic onset

Answer 5

TypeII:Chroniconset:Theillnesstakesmanyyearstoform,
andgradualchangesofincreaseddisturbanceandwithdrawal
occur.Characterisedbynegativesymptoms
•

Question 6

Is their gender differences in schizophrenia

Answer 6

Thereisnogenderdifferenceswhenlookingatchancesof
gettingschizophrenia,butmalestendstohaveearlieronset
thanfemale

Question 7

What are the 7 types of schizophrenia

Answer 7

Catatonic:
Totalimmobility,orrockingbackandforthorcatalepticstupor(adopt
strangebodypositions)

Paranoid:
Delusionsofpersecutionand/orhallucinations
Undifferentiated:
Patientsareplacedinthiscategoryiftheydonotfitintotheothers

Residual:
Thepatienthashadschizophreniainthepast,butdoesnothave
enoughofthesymptomsnowtobeclassedasaschizophrenic.Might
havelongtermnegativesymptoms

Simpleschizophrenia:
Nodelusions/hallucinationspresent,butnegativesymptomsand
psychosismightbepresent

Postschizophreniadepression:
Personhasaschizophrenicepisodeandthisisthenfollowedwitha
longtermdepressiveepisode

Disorganised:
Delusions,hallucinations,incoherentspeechandmoodswing

Question 8

What is ICD 11

Answer 8

International Classification of Diseases tenth edition (ICD-11)
• ICD-11 was produced by the World Health Organisation
• ICD-11 is updated every few years
• It focuses on clusters of symptoms needed to classify a psychiatric illness
• Mainly used in Europe
• For schizophrenia, the ICD-11 focuses on subtypes of schizophrenia, whereas DSM-V does not do this anymore.

Question 9

What is DSM V

Answer 9

The Diagnostic Statistical Manual fifth edition (DSM-V):
• Classification and description of 200 mental disorders which are grouped together in terms of features
• DSM-V was produced in the USA
• It is updated every few years, for instance in 2013 DSM-V was introduced
• DSM-IV used to have subtypes of schizophrenia that existed, however when DSM-V was introduced, the subtypes were removed.

Question 10

What is DSM V criteria for schizophrenia

Answer 10

Criterion A:
Need 2 or more of the following criteria must be present, OR only one of the criteria must be present if the delusion is bizarre or hallucinations consist of a running commentary of the person’s behaviour or thoughts:
A) Delusions
B) Hallucinations
C) Disorganised speech
D) Grossly disorganised/catatonic behaviour
E) Negative symptoms such as flattening/avolition

Criterion B: Social/occupational dysfunction:
Since the onset of schizophrenia, one or more areas of functioning will be negatively affected e.g. work/interpersonal/self-care.

Criterion C: Duration
Continuous signs of disturbance will be present for 6 months or more.
Symptoms from criterion A must be present for one month.
During non-active periods, disturbance might be limited to negative symptoms only, or two or more symptoms from criterion A.

Question 11

What is a delusion

Question 12

What are hallucinations

Question 13

What is catatonic behaviour

Question 14

What is avolition

Question 15

Advantages and disadvantages of having two psychological manuals to diagnose mental illnesses