LESSON 1 INTRODUCTION Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of histotechniques?
A. To study the chemical composition of tissues
B. To prepare, process, and stain tissue sections for microscopic study
C. To examine blood smears for hematological diseases
D. To perform DNA extraction from tissues
Answer: B.
Explanation: Histotechniques involve the preparation, processing, and staining of tissue sections for microscopic study to be interpreted by the pathologist.
Which type of biopsy involves the removal of the entire area in question?
A. Incisional Biopsy
B. Core Needle Biopsy
C. Fine Needle Aspiration
D. Excisional Biopsy
Answer: D.
Explanation: Excisional biopsy involves the removal of the entire area in question to ensure complete removal of the lesion.
How long are tissue blocks typically stored?
A. 1 month to 1 year
B. 3 to 10 years
C. Indefinitely
D. Permanently
Answer: B.
Explanation: Tissue blocks are typically stored for 3 to 10 years.
What is a major disadvantage of fresh tissue examination?
A. Complex and difficult to perform
B. Limited use and liable to develop changes after death
C. Requires expensive equipment
D. Time-consuming
Answer: B.
Explanation: Fresh tissue examination is limited in use and liable to develop changes observed after death such as putrefaction and autolysis.
Which method involves the dissection or separation of tissue components in NSS or Ringer’s solution?
A. Squash
B. Teasing
C. Smearing
D. Frozen Section
Answer: B.
Explanation: Teasing involves the dissection or separation of tissue components in NSS or Ringer’s solution.
Which type of biopsy is considered the simplest and least invasive method of collecting biopsy specimens?
A. Core Needle Biopsy
B. Fine Needle Aspiration
C. Excisional Biopsy
D. Punch Biopsy
Answer: B.
Explanation: Fine Needle Aspiration is considered the simplest and least invasive method of collecting biopsy specimens.
What is the primary use of smear techniques in histopathology?
A. Studying mineral elements in tissues
B. Diagnosis of cancer through cytological studies
C. Rapid diagnosis in frozen sections
D. Observing protoplasmic activities
Answer: B.
Explanation: Smear techniques are primarily used for cytological studies, especially for the diagnosis of cancer.
What type of preparation is used for rapid diagnosis of delicate specimens?
A. Smearing
B. Frozen Section
C. Teasing
D. Squash
Answer: B.
Explanation: Frozen section preparation is used for rapid diagnosis of delicate specimens.
Which method of tissue examination does not require a fixative?
A. Frozen Section
B. Preserved Tissue Examination
C. Fresh Tissue Examination
D. Microincineration
Answer: C.
Explanation: Fresh tissue examination does not require a fixative.
Which method is used to locate the presence and position of mineral elements in the tissue?
A. Autoradiography
B. Microincineration
C. Smearing
D. Teasing
Answer: B.
Explanation: Microincineration is used to locate the presence and position of mineral elements in the tissue.
What is the role of fixation in tissue processing?
A. To replace water with alcohol
B. To harden tissue samples for sectioning
C. To remove tissue components from body cavities
D. To remove cells from the area of abnormality
Answer: B.
Explanation: Fixation hardens tissue samples for sectioning.
What is the main purpose of the gross examination and sampling step in tissue processing?
A. To label the specimen
B. To describe the sample macroscopically
C. To fix the tissue
D. To embed the tissue
Answer: B.
Explanation: Gross examination and sampling involve describing the sample macroscopically.
Which step in tissue processing involves replacing water in the tissue with alcohol?
A. Fixation
B. Dehydration
C. Clearing
D. Embedding
Answer: B.
Explanation: Dehydration involves replacing water in the tissue with alcohol.
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of fresh tissue examination?
A. Observation of protoplasmic activities
B. Relatively simple and easy to perform
C. Limited use
D. Allows for physiological process observation
Answer: C.
Explanation: Limited use is a disadvantage, not an advantage, of fresh tissue examination.
Which biopsy method removes a cylindrical core of tissue samples, typically 3 to 4 mm in size?
A. Shave Biopsy
B. Core Needle Biopsy
C. Punch Biopsy
D. Fine Needle Aspiration
Answer: C.
Explanation: Punch biopsy removes a cylindrical core of tissue samples, typically 3 to 4 mm in size.
Which factor is NOT considered when choosing a tissue examination method?
A. Structural and chemical components to be studied
B. Nature and amount of sample to be evaluated
C. The need to provide an immediate diagnosis
D. The age of the patient
Answer: D.
Explanation: The age of the patient is not a factor considered when choosing a tissue examination method.
Which method involves injecting radioactive isotopes into organs for tissue examination?
A. Smearing
B. Microincineration
C. Autoradiography
D. Fresh Tissue Examination
Answer: C.
Explanation: Autoradiography involves injecting radioactive isotopes into organs for tissue examination.
What is the purpose of the tissue processing step ‘clearing’?
A. To replace alcohol with a solvent that is miscible with embedding medium
B. To harden tissue samples for sectioning
C. To remove tissue components from body cavities
D. To remove cells from the area of abnormality
Answer: A.
Explanation: Clearing replaces alcohol with a solvent that is miscible with the embedding medium.
Which biopsy method involves removing small fragments of tissue from a surface?
A. Punch Biopsy
B. Core Needle Biopsy
C. Shave Biopsy
D. Incisional Biopsy
Answer: C.
Explanation: Shave biopsy involves removing small fragments of tissue from a surface
Which method uses a freezing microtome or cryostat?
A. Teasing
B. Squash
C. Frozen Section
D. Smearing
Answer: C.
Explanation: Frozen section preparation uses a freezing microtome or cryostat for rapid diagnosis.
