lesson 1 - intro to digi tech Flashcards
what is digital technologies
electronic tools that store of process data + turn them into useful information. businesses can then coordinate processes and share info, communicate, monitor + control other devices.
what is data
raw records of basic facts and events such as business transactions (date, time etc) that have less meaning.
what is information
data processed to be meaningful to humans + useful for decision making.
types of information and communication technologies (ict’s) and examples of them
computer hardware: computers, phones, tablets.
computer software: mobile app, accounting software, operating systems etc.
telecommunication facilities and networks: the router connecting us to internet.
what are information systems
set of components that collect (or retrieve), process, store and distribute info to support decision making + control in an org.
what is a system
set of interdependent elements that accomplish objectives together, they can be divided into subsytems.
what are the 5 types of data processing
classification, rearranging/sorting, summarising, performing calculations + selection
give me an example of classification data processing
transaction data can be classified eg: order data, payment data, invoice data.
give me an example of rearranging/sorting data processing
data on employees may be ordered according to employee number.
give me an example of summarising data processing
employee performance data may be combined to arrive at a summary of performance per department.
give me an example of performing calculations data processing
data on the total hours worked by an employee may be multiplied by their hourly wage rates to total a gross wage.
give me an example of selection data processing
total yearly turnover data on customers may be used to select high spending customers for special treatment.
what do information systems involve
people, standards + procedures, ict’s and data, information resources.
strategic factors for digital technologies for a particular organisation
providing opportunites for a firm to innovate and gain advantage over others. existing ict structures limit ability to respond to changing environments.
strategic factors for digital technologies for a business domain
new technology can change the way business is conducted or create new types of digital businesses (eg facebook, google, uber)
types of information systems
level of managerial decision making, function areas
levels of managerial decision making information systems and what they are
strategic: long term management and group decisions. based on condensed + unstructured info, analyses what if scenarios.
tactical: medium term decisions, project management, identifies how to implement group decisions.
operational: daily decisions, immediate results, uses structured information.
management information characteristics of strategic level of mang decision making
wide data scope, long time span, summarised details, external collection of data, unstructured data.
management information characteristics of operational level of mang decision making
narrow data scope, immediate time span, highly detailed, internal collection source of data, structured data.
types of management information characteristics and what are they?
data scope: amount of data from which info is extracted.
time span: how long a period the data covers.
level of detail: degree to which info is specific.
source: internal (collected within the org) vs external (collected from outside sources eg media, newsletters, internet).
degree of structure: structured data (numbers + facts easily stored + retrieved) vs unstructured data (drawn from meetings. conversations, docs + presentations).
examples of functional areas in an organisation
sales + marketing, manufacturing + production, finance + accounting, human resources
what are transactional processing systems?
systems that keep track of the org’s operations and create info for performing them. example is payroll in a company.
what are the inputs, processing, outputs and users of transactional processing systems?
inputs: transactions, events.
processing: sorting, listing, merging, updating.
outputs: detailed reports, lists, summaries.
users: operations personnel, supervisors.
what are management information systems?
provide reports + access to company data for management levels.
what are the inputs, processing, outputs and users of management information systems?
inputs: summary transaction data, simple models, high vol data.
processing: routine reports, simple models, low level analysis.
outputs: summary + exception reports.
users: middle managers.
what are decision support systems?
data analysis for decision making for management levels. an example is voyage estimating which is designed to support the assignment of cargo to ships in order to meet customer delivery schedules.
what are the inputs, processing, outputs and users of decision support systems?
inputs: low vol data or big databases, analytic models, data analysis tools.
processing: interactive, simulations, analysis.
output: special reports, decision analyses, response to queries.
users: professionals, staff managers.
what are executive support systems?
provide communications and computing environments to serve the org’s strategic level.
what are the inputs, processing, outputs and users of executive support systems?
inputs: external and internal aggregate data.
processing: graphics, simulations, interactive.
outputs: projections, responses to queries.
users: senior managers.
what are office automation systems?
increases employee productivity in offices eg email, video conferences, word processors.
what are knowledge work systems?
enables knowledge workers (scientists, engineers) to create and discover new knowledge eg computer aided design, vr systems.
types of enterprise systems and what are they?
enterprise resource planning systems: single info systems for org wide coordination + integration of many businesses.
supply chain management: dealing with suppliers.
customer relationship management: dealing with customers.
what are enterprise systems?
work together and exchange data using “middleware”, involving use of erp packages within the org. helps to synthesis business functions + create seamless operations.
