Lesson 1- Integumentary System Flashcards
Composed of skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails, and sensory receptors which helps maintain a constant body temperature, protectts body, and provides sensory information about the surrounding environment.
Integumentary System
Functions of Integumentary System
- Regulates body temperature
- Stores blood
- Protects body from external environment
- Detects cutaneous sensations
- Excretes and absorbs substances
- Synthesizes Vitamin D
- It covers the external surface of the body.
- Base on no. 2, what is the other name for this organ?
- Skin
- Cutaneous Membrane
What is the largest organ of the body in terms of weight?
Skin
How long is the skin of an adult?
2 square meters (22 square feet)
How much does the skin weigh in adult?
4.5-5 kilogram (10-11 lb)
How much percentage is the total body weight of the skin of an adult?
7% of total body weight
What are the main parts of the skin?
- Epidermis
- Dermis
What layer is not part of the skin?
Subcutaneous Layer or Hypodermis
This layer is composed of keratinized squamous cells.
Epidermis
What are the 4 principal types of cells in the integumentary system?
- Keratinocytes
- Melanocytes
- Intraepidermal Macrophages (Langerhans Cell)
- Tactile Epithelial Cells (Merkel Disc)
What are the layers of epidermis starting from superficial to deep?
- Stratum Corneum
- Stratum Lucidum
- Stratum Granulosum
- Stratum Spinosum
- Stratum Basale
- This produces keratin.
- How many percentage does this cell have in the skin?
- This also produces what?
- What is the function of number 3?
- Keratinocytes
- 90%
- Lamellar Granules
- A water repellant sealant so it inhibits the entry of foreign materials.
A tough fibrous protein that helps protect the skin and underlying tissues from abrasions, heat, microbes and chemicals?
Keratin
- It produces melanin
- How many percentage does this cell have in the skin?
- Melanocytes
- 8%
This contributes to the skin color, absorbs damaging UV light, and susceptible to damage by UV light
Melanin
- It helps other cells recognize an invading microbe and destroy it.
- This is also called as?
- Intraepidermal Macrophages
- Langerhans Cell
- This is the least numerous of the epidermal cells in the integumentary system.
- This is also called as?
- This is located at?
- What is its function?
- Tactile Epithelial Cells
- Merkel Cells/ Disc
- Deeper layer of epidermis
- Detect touch sensations
- Final product of the differentiation process of the keratinocytes.
- How many layers is this layer and what is it made of?
- Function of this layer
- Stratum corneum
- 25-30 layers of dead keratinocytes
- Waterproof and has protective characteristics
- This layer is only present in thick skin.
- It has a layer of how many?
- This layer is present in only?
- Stratum Lucidum
- 4-6 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes
- Fingertips, soles, and palms
- This layer undergoes in apoptosis.
- How many layers does this layer has?
- Function of this layer?
- Stratum Granulosum
- 3-5 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes
- Water retention and heat regulation
- The thickest epidermal layer
- How many layer does this layer have?
- Stratum Spinosum
- 8-10 layers of keratinocytes
- This layer ables the epidermis to regenerate.
- This is also called as?
- This contain what type of cell in epidermis?
- Stratum Basale
- Stratum Germinativum
- Melanocytes
Regions of Dermis
- Papillary Region
- Reticular Region
- The superficial portion of the dermis which consist of aerolar connective tissue with thin collagen and fine elastic fibers.
- This regions houses and contains?
- Papillary Region
- contains dermal ridges that houses blood capillaries, corpuscle of touch, and free nerve endings.
- Deeper portion of the dermis which consist of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of thick collagen and coarse elastic fibers.
- This region contains?
- Reticular Region
- Adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves, sebaceous glands, and sudoriferous glands.
Accessory structures of the skin
Hair, Hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails.
- Protects and insulates
- Guard’s openings against particles
and insects - Sensitive to very light touch
Hair
- Is located deep in dermis
- Produces nonliving hairs
- Wrapped in a dense connective
tissue sheath - Base is surrounded by sensory
nerves (root hair plexus)
Hair Follicle
- Involuntary smooth muscle
- Causes hairs to stand up
- Produces “goose bumps”
Arrector Pili
- Lubricates the hair
- Control bacteria
Sebaceous Glands
- Contains flexible soft keratin
- Contains stiff hard keratin
- Medulla
- Cortex and cuticle
Produced by melanocytes at the hair papilla
Hair Color
SEBACEOUS GLANDS
1. Distribution
2. Location
3. Termination of excretory duct
4. Secretion
5. Function
6. Onset of Function
- Lips, Labia Minora, Glans Penis, Tarsal Glands
- Dermis
- Mostly connected to hair follicles
- Sebum
- Prevent hair from drying out, prevent water loss of skin, keep skin soft, inhibit growth of some bacteria
- Active during puberty
ECCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
1. Distribution
2. Location
3. Termination of excretory duct
4. Secretion
5. Function
6. Onset of Function
- Forehead, palms, and soles
- Deep Dermis or upper subcutaneous layer
- Surface of epidermis
- perspiration
- regulation of body temperatur, waster removal, stimulated during emotional stress
- soof after birth
APOCRINE SWEAT GLANDS
1. Distribution
2. Location
3. Termination of excretory duct
4. Secretion
5. Function
6. Onset of Function
- Axilla, Groin, Aerolae, bearded region of the face, clitoris, and labia minoras
- deep in dermis and upper subcutaneous
- hair follicles
- perspiration
- stimulated during sexual activity and emotional stress
- puberty
CERUMINOUS GLANDS
1. Distribution
2. Location
3. Termination of excretory duct
4. Secretion
5. Function
6. Onset of Function
- External Auditory Canal
- Subcutaneous Layer
- Surface of EAC or into ducts of sebaceous glands.
- Cerumen
- Impede entrance of foreign and insect into EAC, waterproof canal, prevents microbes from entering cell
6.Soon after birth
- Pain, touch, pressure, tickle and itch
- Location
- Free Nerve Endings
- Epidermis and dermis
- Light touch, touch, localization, texture
- Location
- Merkel’s Disc
- Stratum Spinosum
- Touch localization, texture, 2 point discrimination
- Location
- Meisner’s Corpuscle
- Papillary Dermis
- Warmth
- Location
- Ruffini’s Endings
- Deep Epidermis
- Cold
Krause End Bulbs
- Pressure and vibration
- Location
- Pacinian Corpuscle
- Reticular Dermis
- Tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells
- Form a clear, solid covering over the dorsal surfaces of the distal
portions of the digits - Average growth in the length of fingernails is about 1mm (0.04) per wk
- Consists of nail body, a free edge, and nail root
Nails
- Visible portion of the nail
- Mostly appears pink because of blood flowing through the capillaries
in the underlying dermis
Nail Bed
- May extend past the distal end of the digit
- Has white appearance because there are no underlying capillaries
Free Edge
- Buried in a fold of skin
Nail Root
- Whitish crescent-shaped area of the proximal end of the nail body
Lunula
- Secures the nail to the fingertip
Hyponychium
- Skin below the nail plate
- Extends from the lunula to the hyponychium
Nail Bed
- Narrow band of epidermis
- Extends from and adheres to the margin of the nail wall
- Occupies the proximal border of the nail and consists of stratum
Eponychium (cuticle)
- Located proximal to the nail root
Nail Matrix
