Lesson 1 - Hypothesis Testing Flashcards
is composed of those methods concerned with the analysis of a smaller group of data, which is known as the sample leading to predictions or inferences about the larger set of data
Inferential statistics
This type of statistics will be used when one makes a decision, estimates prediction or generalization about a population based on a sample.
Inferential statistics
two types of tests in an inferential statistic
Parametric Test and the Non – Parametric Test.
A test of significance is appropriate when data represent an interval or ratio scale of measurement and other assumptions have been met.
These include: T-test, Z-test, ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), Linear Regression, Pearson Correlation etch.
Parametric Test
A test of significance appropriate when the data represent an ordinal or nominal scale, when a parametric assumption has been greatly violated, or when the nature of distribution is not known.
These include: Chi-square, Kruskal Wallist test, Spearman Rho, Mann-Whitny, Fischer’s Exact Test etch.
Non-parametric Test
is a decision-making process for evaluating
claims about a population based on the
characteristics of a sample purportedly coming
from that population.
Hypothesis Testing
decision is whether the
characteristic is acceptable or not.
Hypothesis Testing
The hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error.
Null Hypothesis
The hypothesis used in hypothesis testing that is contrary to the null hypothesis.
Alternative Hypothesis
When the alternative hypothesis utilizes the ≠ symbol, the test is said to be
Non-directional
When the alternative hypothesis utilizes the > or the < symbol, the test is said to be
Directional
A non-directional test is also called
Two-tailed test.
A directional test is also called
One-tailed test.
The probability is found on both tails of the distribution.
Two-tailed
Words like decrease, less than, smaller and the like suggest
Left-tailed direction
The probability is found at the left- tail of
the distribution.
Left-tailed
The probability is found at the right-tail of the distribution.
Right-tailed
A gardener claims that his new fertilizer can increase the growth of his plants.
Determine the following statements/questions whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed and if it is left left-tailed or right-tailed.
One-tailed, right-tailed
Teachers believe that playing computer games reduces the academic productivity of the students.
Determine the following statements/questions whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed and if it is left left-tailed or right-tailed.
One-tailed, left-tailed
A researcher wants to test if the collaborative learning approach is effective for the students.
Determine the following statements/questions whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed and if it is left left-tailed or right-tailed.
Two-tailed
Is there any significant increase in the performance of the control group of
respondents?
Determine the following statements/questions whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed and if it is left left-tailed or right-tailed.
One-tailed, right-tailed
Write the null and alternative hypothesis of the following test
The closing time of the SM Supermarket is at 9 pm.
Ho: μ = 9
Ha: μ ≠ 9
*Write the null and alternative hypothesis of the following test *
A farmer believes that using organic fertilizers on his plants will yield greater income. His average income in the past was ₱200,000.00 per year.
Ho: μ = ₱200,000.00
Ha: μ > ₱200,000.00
*Write the null and alternative hypothesis of the following test *
The owner of a factory that sells a particular bottled fruit juice claims that the average capacity of their product is 250ml. To test the claim, a customer group gets a sample of 100 such bottles, calculates the capacity of each bottle, and then finds the mean capacity to be 248ml.
Ho: μ = 250
Ha: μ < 250
.
Some researchers claim that social mobility is declining.
Determine the following statements/questions whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed and if it is left left-tailed or right-tailed.
One-tailed, left-tailed
A nutritionist claims that her developed bread is fortified with vitamin B.
Determine the following statements/questions whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed and if it is left left-tailed or right-tailed.
One-tailed, right-tailed
A scientist wants to test the effect of nicotine on our bodies.
Determine the following statements/questions whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed and if it is left left-tailed or right-tailed.
Two-tailed
A musicians believe that listening to classical music affects mood.
Determine the following statements/questions whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed and if it is left left-tailed or right-tailed.
Two-tailed
.
A storekeeper thinks that time of day influences the sale of ice cream.
Determine the following statements/questions whether the test is two-tailed or one-tailed and if it is left left-tailed or right-tailed.
Two-tailed
