Lesson 1 - Hydrology

Question 1

A branch of civil engineering concerned with maximizing the social and economic benefit associated with the world’s water resources while minimizing the adverse environmental impacts due to modifications to the natural environment

Answer 1

Water Resources Engineering

Question 2

3 fields of Water resources engineering

Answer 2

Physical Sciences
Basic Sciences and
Social Sciences

Question 3

________ is that natural science that is concerned with the occurrence, properties, distribution, and movement of water in the natural and man-made environment

Answer 3

Hydrology

Question 4

In a global sense, the occurrence, distribution and movement of water in the natural environment can be visualized through a cyclic process known as the _________

Answer 4

Hydrologic Cycle

Question 5

It is a study of water and its properties, distribution and effects on the Earth’s surface, soil and atmosphere

Answer 5

hydrology

Question 6

Sustainable use of water resources

Answer 6

Water Management

Question 7

Identification, formulation and analysis of projects and designs

Answer 7

Water Resources Planning

Question 8

percentage of salt in Saltwater

Answer 8

97.5%

Question 9

percentage of salt on freshwater

Answer 9

2.5%

Question 10

Percentage of salt in lakes and river storage

Answer 10

0.3%

Question 11

percentage of salt in Groundwater, including soil moisture, swamp water and permafrost

Answer 11

30.8%

Question 12

Percentage of salt in glaciers and permanent snow cover

Answer 12

68.9%

Question 13

Break complex system down into components and analyze the interactions between the components

Answer 13

Water Resources System Analysis

Question 14

central method used in water resources planning

Answer 14

Water Resources System Analysis

Question 15

transform the (space and time) distribution of water in the hydrologic cycle

Answer 15

Hydrologic Processes

Question 16

Mass is conserved and does not change

Answer 16

Conservation of mass

Question 17

Interchange of molecules between different layers/regions in a substance due to differences in temperature, velocity and concentration

Answer 17

Conduction

Question 18

a mechanism causing greater rate of exchange of mass. energy and momentum than molecular exchanges

Answer 18

Convection

Question 19

is the constant cyclic movement of water from the ground to the atmosphere and back to the ground

Answer 19

Hydrologic cycle

Question 20

The process by which liquid water is converted into water vapor as water is heated by the sun and its surface molecules become sufficiently energized to break free of the attractive force binding them together

Answer 20

evaporation

Question 21

the process by which water vapor is emitted into the atmosphere from plant surfaces

Answer 21

Transpiration

Question 22

combination of water released to the atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration

Answer 22

Evapotranspiration

Question 23

The process by which water vapor condenses back into liquid after it rises and cools in the atmosphere.

Answer 23

Condensation

Question 24

When condensation occurs at the ground level, the resulting water droplets are called ______

Answer 24

Dew

Question 25

The discharge of water out of the atmosphere, generally onto land or water surface

Answer 25

Precipitation

Question 26

The process by which precipitation is caught and held by foliage, twigs and branches of trees, shrubs and other vegetation and lost by evaporation, never reaching the surface lf the ground

Answer 26

Interception

Question 27

The movement of water through the soil surface into the soil which is controlled by soil texture, soil structure, vegetation and soil moisture status.

Answer 27

Infiltration

Question 28

The portion of water which does not infiltrate the soil but flows over the surface of the ground to a stream channel.

Answer 28

Surface runoff

Question 29

Also known as overland flow

Answer 29

Surface runoff

Question 30

Precipitation that moves downwards, percolates or infiltrates through cracks, joints and pores in soil and rocks until it reaches the water table where it becomes groundwater

Answer 30

Percolation

Question 31

Lateral movement of percolated water. Some water that is precipitated seeps through soil and continues to follow the slope. This water is eventually discharged into rivers, streams, and lakes

Answer 31

Interflow

Question 32

A body of water found in a deep aquifer zone that flows laterally and eventually merges with rivers, streams, lakes and oceans

Answer 32

Groundwater Flow