Lesson 1 Destination Geography Flashcards
1
Q
Physical Geography
A
The study of the earth’s natural features and the process that shape it
2
Q
Human Geography
A
Focuses on people and their patterns of settlement and activity
3
Q
Travel Geography
A
The application of knowledge to the travel, tourism, and hospitality industry
4
Q
Location: finding a destination
A
Where is it?
What is it’s position on the surface of the earth
5
Q
Place: Describing the Environment
A
What does the place look like?
What are it’s landforms, such as plains and mountains?
What is it’s environment?
what are the water?
Climate and vegetation like, how do they interact?
6
Q
Interaction: Exploring Cultures
A
How do people interact with their environment?
What are the people like, how do they live, what do they eat?
7
Q
Movement: Tourism
A
How do people travel to and from destination?
8
Q
The starting points of a grid are
A
North and South Poles marking the two ends of the earth’s axis and
The equator the imaginary horizontal line that circles the earth midway between poles
9
Q
The Equator
A
Separates the world into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere
10
Q
Parallel Lines are
A
Horizontal lines
11
Q
Vertical Lines called
A
Meridians
12
Q
Parallels
A
The Horizontal Lines that measure latitude, the distance north or south of the equator
13
Q
The Equator
A
Is the 0 degree line of latitude
Each line of latitude is an equal distance from the equator at all points
14
Q
Meridians
A
Are the vertical lines that measure longitude.
The distance east or west from the first or prime meridian
0 degrees line of longitude
15
Q
Globe
A
A scale model of the earth on which shapes areas, distances and directions are represented
16
Q
Geography
A
Describing the earth and knowing how to read the maps and knowledge of cultures
The study of relationships between people and their environments
17
Q
How do cartographers shape the world
A
By producing maps - they provide the frame of reference that allows us to explore the world
18
Q
What do cartographers need to know about places on earth
A
Location
Place
Interaction
Movement
19
Q
What is a hemisphere
A
Half of a sphere
20
Q
Where do I live
A
USA-Northern and Western Hemispheres
21
Q
What does the maps scale tell us
A
The relationship of distances on the map to the actual distances on earth
22
Q
Why are the varying colors on a map used
A
To differentiate
Elevation
Water
Vegetation
23
Q
Which is the largest continent
A
Asia
24
Q
What legal implications does the location of a country’s continental shelf have for the cruise industry
A
Countries have:
minerals
Fuel and Fishing rights in an EEZ - exclusive economic zone that spans 200 nautical miles from shore.
Problems arise when two country zones overlap
25
What is an archipelago
A group of closely scattered islands in any large body of water
```
The term originally referred to the arm of the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey known as the Aegean Sea, in Greek it was called Aigaion pelagos
Ex.
Bahamas
Azores
Hawaii
Japan
Indonesia
The Greek Islands
Most of the islands of the Caribbean and the South Pacific
```
26
What is a strait
A narrow passage of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
Whoever controls a strait is likely to control the sea routes of the entire region
Historically strains have great strategic importance
27
World’s largest country
China
28
The four major oceans
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Arctic
29
How does elevation affect climate
For every 1000 feet (304.8)m in elevation the temperature drops 3.5•F (1.9•c)
30
What is a jet stream
A strong atmospheric wind
| Part of the westerlies
31
How to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
When you know the Fahrenheit multiply 5/9 after subtracting 32
32
What is a rain forest
A moist densely wooded area usually found in warm tropical wet climates
33
Where are most rain forest located
Between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
| South America’s Amazon
34
What is a desert
An area of land that receives less than 10 inches of precipitation per year
35
Name 3 deserts
Atacama
Sahara
Antarctica
36
Name 2 barriers to travel that create cultural misunderstandings
```
Passports
Visas
Security measures
Religious rules
Language and food
```
37
A reference source to determine health hazards in other countries
Center for disease control and prevention
38
How do you find Documentation required to travel to Australia,
Australian Tourist Board-and other resources
39
What will the weather be like for a cruise around the Horn of South America in March
Climate vs. weather
Can’t predict weather
Seasons reversed
40
A client wants to know if her health insurance will cover her if she goes bungee jumping
Tell her to check with her insurance provider, or read the fine print of a travel policy.
Most policies won’t cover exceptional activities
41
What feature on a map indicates it’s directional orientation
Compass rose
42
Where is the farthest point north of the equator where the sun can be seen directly over head at noon
Tropic of Cancer
43
Why is Irelands climate so mild
Ocean currents
| Remnants of the Gulf Stream North Atlantic current
44
Mountain range that serves as a boundary between Europe and northern Asia
Ural mountains
45
Where is The appellation mountain range is the principal mountain land form
North America’s East Coast
46
Which mountain range is the west coast’s principal landform
Rockies
47
Which continent is the only one with land in all 4 hemispheres
Africa
48
Which is the only continent other than Antarctica that does not extend into the tropics
Europe
49
How many degrees of longitude would you cross to travel halfway around the world
180•
50
The Equator is to latitude as which of the following is to longitude
Prime Meridian
51
What is the shortest most direct route between any two points on the surface of the earth
Great circle route
52
Convert from Am to Pm to the 24 hour clock
| 1:20 pm
1320
53
Convert from Am and Pm to the 24 hour clock
| 8:08 am
0808
54
Convert from Am and Pm to the 24 hour clock
| 10:30 am
1030
55
Convert from Am and Pm to the 24 hour clock
| 11:59
2359
56
Convert from Am to Pm to the 24 hour clock
| 1306
1:06
57
Convert from Am to Pm to the 24 hour clock
| 1845
6:45
58
Convert from Am and Pm to the 24 hour clock
| 0800
8:00
59
Convert to Am and Pm from the 24 hour clock
| 2347
11:47
60
If it rains on your parade in Hawaii, is the cause climate or weather
Weather
61
Why would a destination near the equator require a visitor to bring a heavy sweater
Elevation
62
Tropics
Latitudes between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
63
Rain Shadow
The dry area on the leeward side of a mountain
64
Trade winds
Currents of air high above the earth, blowing from the southwest in the northern hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere
65
Westerlies
Constant winds that blow from the northeast toward the equator in the northern hemisphere and from the southeast toward the equator in the Southern Hemisphere
66
Ocean currents
Cold or warm rivers of sea water
67
Are lines of longitude and latitude all the same length
No - only the lines of longitude are of equal length.
Each line of longitude equals half of the circumference of the earth because each extends from the North Pole to the South Pole
The lines of latitude are not all equal in length, they are each complete circles that remain equidistant from each other, the lines of latitude vary in size from the longest at the equator to the smallest at the poles where they are just single points
68
How does a GPS unit know where you are
GPS receives information from a US military run system of satellites that circle the earth and provides precise time and location data.
The individual GPS unit receives data from 3 or more satellites that triangulate its absolute location on the earth’s surface.
If you are carrying such a device, your absolute location is the same as that of the device
69
Name at least 3 Straits
Gibraltar, Hormoz - between the Persian gulf and the gulf of Oman
Messina - between Sicily and the toe of Italy
Dardanelles - between the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara
Bosporus - between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara
Mandan - between the Red and Arabian seas
Bonifacio - between Corsica and Sardinia
70
What is a Jet Stream
A strong atmospheric wind, part of the Westerlies
71
How does a Jet dream affect an airplane’s flight
Flying with a jet stream shortens a flight
Flying against a jet stream lengthens a flight
72
Name at least 3 Deserts
The driest is The Atacama of Peru-in South America
The largest is the Sahara in Africa
The largest cold desert is Antarctica
Deserts are on each continent and are both hot and cold
73
0• line of longitude
The distance east or west from the first or prime meridian
74
Prime Meridian
Meridian passing through Greenwich, England is the prime meridian
75
The 180• Meridian
Is in the middle of the Pacific Ocean on the opposite side of the world from Greenwich
76
Eastern Hemisphere
The half of the earth east of the prime meridian to 180• longitude
77
Western Hemisphere
The half of the earth west of the prime meridian to 180• longitude
78
Globes and Maps
Frame of reference provided by latitude and longitude created by geographers
79
Globe
A scale model of the earth in which shapes, areas, distances and directions are represented
Too bulky for realistic use
80
Maps
Are representations on a flat surface
81
Cartography
The science of mapmaking
82
GIS
Geographic information System
| Records, retrieves, analyzes and manipulates gathered by satellites
83
Interactive Mapping
Records, retrieves, analyzes and manipulates gathered by satellites
84
Projection
The transfer of information about the round earth on a flat surface
85
Great Circle Route
The shortest distance between two points
86
Compass Rose
A symbol in the maps corner indicates the maps orientation
Most maps put north at the top
87
A Key or Legend
Explains the map symbols
A star indicated country’s capital
Circles show cities
Types of lines indicates rivers and political boundaries
88
A scale
Indicates the relationship between the maps distances and the and the actual distances on earth
1 inch might be 100 miles
Various colors differentiate elevation, water and vegetation
89
24 hour clock
Each day begins at 0000 midnight and progresses through each hour of the day from 0100 to 2300 = 1:00 am to 11:00 pm
The last two digits give the minutes
To convert 24 hour time to am:pm subtract 1200 from hours later than noon
To convert am:pm to time add 1200 hours after noon
90
GMT
Greenwich Mean Time
| Universal Time
91
Greenwich
International Date Line
92
Local time
Local time any place in the world
93
Elapsed Travel Time
How long it will take to get to a destination
94
Daylight Savings Time
| Summertime
Move the clocks to during part of the year
Spring forward
Fall back
95
Land
| 30 % of the earth is divided into 7 continents
```
Asia
Africa
North America
South America
Antarctica
Europe
Australia
```
96
Ural Mountains
Divide Europe and Asia
97
Eurasia
Europe and Asia together as one continent
98
Oceana
Thousands of scattered islands in the pacific
| To Australia and New Zealand
99
Coast, sea coast, shore
The edge of the land that borders the ocean along a continent or island
100
Continental Shelf
The area where the sea meets the land
101
Island
A body of land completely surrounded by water and above water at high tide
102
Isthmus
A narrow bridge of land that that connects two large landmasses
103
Peninsula
Land that extends from a continent and is almost surrounded by water
Ex: Florida
104
Reef
A ridge of rocks or sand near the surface of water along the coast
105
Panhandle
A long narrow projection of land within a state’s boundary
| Ex: western Florida and Oklahoma
106
Shield
A stable region of the earth’s crust that formed during it’s early history
107
Mountain
A landform higher than its surroundings with some kind of peak or summit
108
Hills
Elevated landform that are more rounded and have less elevation than mountains
109
Valley
A depression between hills or mountains
110
Rift Valley
A valley formed when land sinks between two parallel faults
111
Canyon
A deep narrow valley with steep sides
112
Fall line
The place at the edge of a continent where the land begins to flatten out where rivers drop from a hilly region to flatland and form waterfalls
113
Plains
Any flat or gently rolling land that is less than 1000 feet above sea level
114
Plateau
An area of flat land raised above its surroundings also called tableland
115
97% of the earth’s water is found where
Ocean
116
Ocean
International body of salt water
117
The world ocean has 4 subdivisions
Pacific
Atlantic
Indian
Arctic
118
Lagoons
Narrow bodies of water that form between mainland and barrier islands or reefs
119
Tides
The rhythmic rise and fall of the oceans water that occur twice each day as a result of the gravitational pull of the moon and sun
120
Wave
A ridge or swell on the surface of water caused by wind
121
Current
A cold or warm moving stream of water or air
122
Coriolis Effect
The result of the earths rotation that causes a moving object or fluid to turn toward right in the northern hemisphere and toward the left in the in the Southern Hemisphere
123
Glaciers
A mass of ice formed by compressed snow that moves slowly over land under the force of gravity
124
Climate
The average of weather conditions over a period of time
125
Weather
The state of the atmosphere over short periods of time
126
Seasons
```
As the earth rotates around the sun it’s tilt causes the seasons each with special light, temperature and weather patterns that repeat yearly
Winter
Spring
Summer
Fall
```
127
Temperature
The degree of hotness or coldness measured by a thermometer with a numerical scale
128
Fahrenheit Scale
The temperature scale used in the US in which 32• is the freezing point of water and 212 is the boiling point
129
Celsius Scale
The scale for measuring temperature on the metric system in which 0• is the freezing point of water and and 100•is the boiling point also called the centigrade scale
130
For most vacationers
A temperature below 64• F
Is too cool for sitting around and A temperature of 86• F
is too hot for activities sports
131
Atmospheric Pressure
The weight of the atmosphere as measured by a barometer
132
Wind
The movement of air over the earth caused by the uneven heating of the sun
133
Humidity
The measurement of water vapor in the air
134
Precipitation
Any form of moisture that falls from the atmosphere to the ground
135
Clouds
The visible masses of any water droplets or ice crystals
136
Tropic of Cancer
The latitude line of 23.5 degrees north of the equator
137
Tropic of Capricorn
The latitude line 23.5 degrees south of the equator
138
Trade winds
The constant winds that blow from north east to south west towards the equator in the Northern Hemisphere and from the south east to the north west towards the equator in the Southern Hemisphere
139
Westerlies
The currents of air high above the earth that blow from the south west in the northern hemisphere and from the north west in the Southern Hemisphere
140
Tropical wet
Always hot and humid; heavy precipitation
141
Tropical wet and dry
Always hot with alternate wet and dry seasons
142
Semiarid
Hot to cold
| Light precipitation
143
Desert
Hot to cool
| Very little precipitation
144
Subtropical dry summer
Hot fry summers, mild rainy winter s
145
Humid Subtropical
Warm to hot summers and cool winters
146
Humid Oceanic
Warm summers and cool winters
| Moderate precipitation
147
Humid Continental
Mild summers and cold winters
| Moderate precipitation
148
Subarctic
Short cold summers and long cold winters
149
Tundra
Always cold with brief chilly summers
| Little precipitation
150
Icecap
Always cold
| Precipitation almost always snow
151
Altitude
The height in the atmosphere reflecting the distance above the sea level
152
National Weather Service puts together to warn individuals of possible health threats
The heat index is the combination of temperature and relative humidity
153
Hurricanes, Typhoons and Cyclones
Typhoons Are hurricanes 180 • west in the Pacific Ocean-and cyclones in the Indian Ocean
154
Leeward
The side sheltered from the wind
155
Rain Shadow
A dry area on the leeward side of a mountain
156
Windward
The side from which the wind blows
157
Gulf Stream
The warm ocean current that flows north east along the coast of North America from the Gulf of Mexico, after passing Newfoundland, it divides and follows three separate routes
158
North Atlantic Drift
The extension of the Gulf Stream that helps maintain relatively mild winters in the British isles and along the Norwegian coast
159
Humboldt Current
In Peru where the climate is cool due to the effect of the current
160
Forests
A large area covered with trees
161
Rain Forest
A lush wet, generally warm area with a high canopy of trees and low underbrush
162
Grasslands
A flat or rolling open area where grasses are the natural vegetation
163
Tundra
A cold region characterized by low vegetation
164
Desert
Any region that supports little plant life because of insufficient moisture
165
Jungle
A thick tangled mass of tropical vegetation
166
Continents
```
Asia
Africa
North America
Antarctica
Europe
Australia
```
167
Climate reflects the interaction of
Latitude
Elevation
Topography
Distance from water
168
Cultures
```
Interaction of physical geography with the land to create ways of living called cultures.
Every feature of an area way of life
Language
Religion
Dress
Diet
Arts
Manners
Recreation
Government
```
169
Oasis
A small area of vegetation
170
Taiga
Forests that begin south of the Arctic tundra
171
Major features of the earth include
7 Continents and
| The world Ocean divided into 4
172
Shoulder Season
A time when demand is neither high nor low
Spring and Fall
Better value
Chancy weather
173
Low Season
A time of least demand
Prices are low
Less crowding
Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays
174
High Season
Time when a destination is most in demand with prices at the highest and crowd at their worst
175
Independent Tour
```
Prepaid package of travel elements are:
Air
Ground
Transportation
Lodging
```
176
Elements of a trip include
Things to see or do
Transportation
Accommodations
177
Key divisions of the travel industry are
Business - Corporate Travel and Leisure Travel - vacation Travel
178
Hosted Tour
The same prepaid elements as independent tours the difference is a host is available at the destination to assist the travelers
179
Escorted Tours
A structured program of prepaid transportation, lodging, sightseeing, and certain meals accompanied by a person who meets the travelers at the destination and stays with them for the duration of the trip.
Either part of a group or private
180
Evaluating Tour Packages
| Guidelines
```
Itineraries
Hotels and Locations
Meals
Sightseeing
Transportation
Travel Time
Terms and Conditions
```
181
The system of time zones
One line of longitude
The prime meridian at Greenwich, England is the reference point for the system of time zones.
At each time zone, the time differs by 1 hour, expressed as plus or minus GMT Greenwich Mean Time. The international date line where the zones meet is 180• from Greenwich in the Pacific.
182
Differentiate between weather and climate
Weather is what is happening now and
| Climate is the sum of weather over a period of time
183
Describe how cultural factors influence travelism
Ti many people, diversity, religion, food, arts,
184
Identify sources of information used in planning trips
```
Electronically
Us government
Atlas
Dictionaries
Guidebooks
Travel suppliers
Trade associations
Consumer magazines
```
185
Hard Adventure
Exert physically
186
Soft Adventure
Helicopter
| Sit in a canoe
