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Empowerment Technology > Lesson 1: Computer & Operating System > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Computer & Operating System Flashcards

1
Q

How long have computers been around?

A

Since the late 1940s

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2
Q

An electronic device that receives data (input), processes and stores data, and produces a result (output)

A

Computer

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3
Q

A collection of raw unprocessed fact - texts, numbers, sound, images, video

A

Data

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4
Q

The actual machine that makes up the computer (wires, transistors, circuits)

A

Hardware

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

The input and output devices such as the keyboard and monitor

A

Peripherals

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6
Q

Instructions or programs for controlling the computer

A

Software

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6
Q

Data transformed into meaningful form

A

Information

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7
Q

Input, processing, output, and storage (IPOS)

A

Information processing cycle

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7
Q

When you can use computers to enahnce your life and understand a wide range of information about current technology

A

Computer literacy

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8
Q

Economic gap between those who are computer literate and have access to computer tech, and those who do not

A

digital divide

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9
Q

Provides the means for you to interact with the computer’s hardware

A

Software

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10
Q

Allows you to enter and receive information

A

User interface

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11
Q

You interact with software through its ____

A

User interface

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12
Q

Displays a picture called icons that allow you to interact wiht data and execute commands

A

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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13
Q

Requires you to type text commands to interact with the computer

A

Command Line Interface

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14
Q

A computer relies on two types of software

A

System software and Application software

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15
Q

Runs a computer and includes the operating system and utility programs

A

System software

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16
Q

Software that coordinates the resources and activities on a computer

A

Operating system

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17
Q

Helps the operating system set up, maintain, and protect a computer

A

Utility program

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18
Q

Used to directly complete a specific task or create something electronically - writing a report, creating a video, etc

A

Application software

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19
Q

Purpose of the operating system

A

Operates and controls computer hardware and runs application software

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20
Q

Purpose of the application software

A

Provides services and information directly to the users

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21
Q

Role of the operating system

A

Coordinates the activities of users, application software, and hardware

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22
Q
A
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23
Q

Tasks of the application software

A

Creates documents, reports, charts, etc.

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24
Q

Role of the application software

A

Perform tasks based upon user input

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24
Q

Task of the operating system

A

monitors hardware, manages resources, controls input and output, and processes data

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25
Q

Examples of the operating system

A

Windows 8, Mac OS X, Android

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26
Q

Examples of the application software

A

Microsoft Word, Adobe PS, Mozilla Fox

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27
Q

Types of operating systems

A

Personal Computer OS
Mobile Computing Devices
Embedded OS
Server OS

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28
Q

Installed on a single computer and are multitasking operating systems

A

Personal Computer OS

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29
Q

Why are Personal Computer OS called single-user OS?

A

Only one user interacts with the OS at a time

30
Q

Why are PC OS multitasking OS?

A

They let you work with more than one program at a time

31
Q

Three most popular personal computer operating systems

A

Windows, Mac OS, Linux

32
Q

Designed for small handheld computing devices and includes features similar to a personal operating system - simpler and smaller

A

Mobile computing devices

33
Q

Any phone that includes many features of a computer

A

Smartphone

34
Q

One-piece mobile computers that usually include a touchscreen

A

Tablet

35
Q

A screen you touch to interact with the GUI

A

Touchscreen

36
Q

Single user, single-tasking operating systems

A

Mobile operating systems

37
Q

Run devices such as ATMs, navi systems, portable media players, and digital recorders

A

Embedded OS

38
Q

Designed to meet a specific purpose and perform a single task, such as providing maps and directions

A

Embedded Operating Systems

39
Q

Part of an electronic device or system other than a computer

A

Embedded Operating System

40
Q

Resides on a server and is used to manage a network

A

Server Operating Systems

41
Q

A group of 2 or more computers linked together

A

Network

42
Q

Sometimes called network operating systems

A

Server Operating Systems

43
Q

A computer that provides network services such as e-mail to other computers or clients

A

Server

44
Q

Most complex computers that can process large amounts of data and used to solve complex numerical problems, make forecast, etc.

A

Supercomputers

45
Q

Large and expensive computers with powerful processors and large memories; hundred of people acan work on a mainframe computer at the same time

A

Mainframe computers

46
Q

Smaller and cheaper than mainframe computers and have less processing power; fewer people can work on this type of computer

A

Minicomputer

47
Q

Most common computers that are used by businesses, schools, and homes; only one person cna use them at a time

A

Microcomputers

48
Q

Also called desktop or personal computers

A

Microcomputers

49
Q

Smaller but costlier than desktop computers; also called notebooks and can be operated with a battery and often used while travelling

A

Laptop computers

50
Q
A
51
Q

Smaller than laptops

A

Mobile devices

52
Q

Used to organize info, play games, and read e-books

A

Tablets

53
Q

A microprocessor that is fitted into a device to control its operation; installed into smart appliances and automoniles to perform special operations

A

Embedded computer

54
Q

The generation that used vacuum tubes

A

First gen computers

55
Q

1942-1955 computers

A

First generation computers

56
Q

Consists of a glass bulb and wire

A

Vacuum tube

57
Q

What is the wire of the vacuum tube used for?

A

It is used to carry data in the form of electric signals

58
Q

Were very large, expensive, and required huge amounts of electricity

A

First generation computers

59
Q

ENIAC

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

60
Q

The generation that used transistors instead of vacuum tubes

A

Second generation computers

61
Q

1956-1963 computers

A

second generation computers

62
Q

The generation of computers that used integrated circuits

A

3rd generation computers

63
Q
A
64
Q

Controls your computer from the time you turn it on to the moment you turn it off

A

Operating System tasks

64
Q

It takes care of technical tasks such as start-up steps, managing memory, processing input nad output, controlling hardware, and ending a computer session

A

Operating system tasks

65
Q

A series of steps that the OS must complete before you can interact with the OS

A

Boot process

66
Q

Any component the system requires to do work

A

Resource

67
Q

Main resources

A

Memory, processing components, storage space, peripherals

68
Q

Completely turns off the computer

A

Shut down

69
Q

Closes applications and resets the operating system

A

Restart

70
Q

Closes applications but keeps the operating system running so another user can sign in without restarting the computer

A

Sign out

71
Q

Applications and the OS continue to run while another user signs in; the other user is not allowed to access your apps or data

A

Switch users

72
Q

Applications and the operating system continue to run, though you cannot access them until you sign in

A

Lock

73
Q

Applications and the OS continue to run, though in a low-power state

A

Sleep

74
Q

Part of memory or storage where data waits until it can be transferred to a device

A

Buffer

75
Q
A
76
Q

Part of a computer’s hard disk that can work as additional RAM

A

virtual memory

77
Q

To gain memory, Windows moves data from one running application out of RAM and into virtual memory, a process called ___

A

swapping

Empowerment Technology (1 decks)

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