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Empowerment Technology > Lesson 1: Computer & Operating System > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Computer & Operating System Flashcards

1
Q

How long have computers been around?

A

Since the late 1940s

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2
Q

An electronic device that receives data (input), processes and stores data, and produces a result (output)

A

Computer

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3
Q

A collection of raw unprocessed fact - texts, numbers, sound, images, video

A

Data

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4
Q

The actual machine that makes up the computer (wires, transistors, circuits)

A

Hardware

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

The input and output devices such as the keyboard and monitor

A

Peripherals

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6
Q

Instructions or programs for controlling the computer

A

Software

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6
Q

Data transformed into meaningful form

A

Information

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7
Q

Input, processing, output, and storage (IPOS)

A

Information processing cycle

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7
Q

When you can use computers to enahnce your life and understand a wide range of information about current technology

A

Computer literacy

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8
Q

Economic gap between those who are computer literate and have access to computer tech, and those who do not

A

digital divide

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9
Q

Provides the means for you to interact with the computer’s hardware

A

Software

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10
Q

Allows you to enter and receive information

A

User interface

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11
Q

You interact with software through its ____

A

User interface

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12
Q

Displays a picture called icons that allow you to interact wiht data and execute commands

A

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

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13
Q

Requires you to type text commands to interact with the computer

A

Command Line Interface

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14
Q

A computer relies on two types of software

A

System software and Application software

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15
Q

Runs a computer and includes the operating system and utility programs

A

System software

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16
Q

Software that coordinates the resources and activities on a computer

A

Operating system

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17
Q

Helps the operating system set up, maintain, and protect a computer

A

Utility program

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18
Q

Used to directly complete a specific task or create something electronically - writing a report, creating a video, etc

A

Application software

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19
Q

Purpose of the operating system

A

Operates and controls computer hardware and runs application software

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20
Q

Purpose of the application software

A

Provides services and information directly to the users

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21
Q

Role of the operating system

A

Coordinates the activities of users, application software, and hardware

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22
23
Tasks of the application software
Creates documents, reports, charts, etc.
24
Role of the application software
Perform tasks based upon user input
24
Task of the operating system
monitors hardware, manages resources, controls input and output, and processes data
25
Examples of the operating system
Windows 8, Mac OS X, Android
26
Examples of the application software
Microsoft Word, Adobe PS, Mozilla Fox
27
Types of operating systems
Personal Computer OS Mobile Computing Devices Embedded OS Server OS
28
Installed on a single computer and are multitasking operating systems
Personal Computer OS
29
Why are Personal Computer OS called single-user OS?
Only one user interacts with the OS at a time
30
Why are PC OS multitasking OS?
They let you work with more than one program at a time
31
Three most popular personal computer operating systems
Windows, Mac OS, Linux
32
Designed for small handheld computing devices and includes features similar to a personal operating system - simpler and smaller
Mobile computing devices
33
Any phone that includes many features of a computer
Smartphone
34
One-piece mobile computers that usually include a touchscreen
Tablet
35
A screen you touch to interact with the GUI
Touchscreen
36
Single user, single-tasking operating systems
Mobile operating systems
37
Run devices such as ATMs, navi systems, portable media players, and digital recorders
Embedded OS
38
Designed to meet a specific purpose and perform a single task, such as providing maps and directions
Embedded Operating Systems
39
Part of an electronic device or system other than a computer
Embedded Operating System
40
Resides on a server and is used to manage a network
Server Operating Systems
41
A group of 2 or more computers **linked** together
Network
42
Sometimes called network operating systems
Server Operating Systems
43
A computer that provides network services such as e-mail to other computers or clients
Server
44
Most complex computers that can process large amounts of data and used to solve complex numerical problems, make forecast, etc.
Supercomputers
45
Large and expensive computers with powerful processors and large memories; hundred of people acan work on a mainframe computer at the same time
Mainframe computers
46
Smaller and cheaper than mainframe computers and have less processing power; fewer people can work on this type of computer
Minicomputer
47
Most common computers that are used by businesses, schools, and homes; only one person cna use them at a time
Microcomputers
48
Also called desktop or personal computers
Microcomputers
49
Smaller but costlier than desktop computers; also called notebooks and can be operated with a battery and often used while travelling
Laptop computers
50
51
Smaller than laptops
Mobile devices
52
Used to organize info, play games, and read e-books
Tablets
53
A microprocessor that is fitted into a device to control its operation; installed into smart appliances and automoniles to perform special operations
Embedded computer
54
The generation that used vacuum tubes
First gen computers
55
1942-1955 computers
First generation computers
56
Consists of a glass bulb and wire
Vacuum tube
57
What is the wire of the vacuum tube used for?
It is used to carry data in the form of electric signals
58
Were very large, expensive, and required huge amounts of electricity
First generation computers
59
ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator
60
The generation that used transistors instead of vacuum tubes
Second generation computers
61
1956-1963 computers
second generation computers
62
The generation of computers that used integrated circuits
3rd generation computers
63
64
Controls your computer from the time you turn it on to the moment you turn it off
Operating System tasks
64
It takes care of technical tasks such as start-up steps, managing memory, processing input nad output, controlling hardware, and ending a computer session
Operating system tasks
65
A series of steps that the OS must complete before you can interact with the OS
Boot process
66
Any component the system requires to do work
Resource
67
Main resources
Memory, processing components, storage space, peripherals
68
Completely turns off the computer
Shut down
69
Closes applications and resets the operating system
Restart
70
Closes applications but keeps the operating system running so another user can sign in without restarting the computer
Sign out
71
Applications and the OS continue to run while another user signs in; the other user is not allowed to access your apps or data
Switch users
72
Applications and the operating system continue to run, though you cannot access them until you sign in
Lock
73
Applications and the OS continue to run, though in a low-power state
Sleep
74
Part of memory or storage where data waits until it can be transferred to a device
Buffer
75
76
Part of a computer's hard disk that can work as additional RAM
virtual memory
77
To gain memory, Windows moves data from one running application out of RAM and into virtual memory, a process called ___
swapping

Empowerment Technology (1 decks)

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