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Sts Finals > Lesson 1-Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Lesson 1-Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

invents first practical telephone.

A

Alexander Graham Bell

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2
Q

Wax cylinder phonograph invented by

A

Thomas Edison.

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3
Q

The information industry is built on a certain quantity of information flow. “Give me content,”

A

Media space must eat.

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4
Q

A need exists for information to stand out and be recognized in the increasing clutter, the data smog, that surrounds us.

A
  1. Information must compete.
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5
Q

Here are some ways competition is mounted in the information arena:

A

Exaggeration
Information one-upmanship
Scarcity

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6
Q

. In a world where information is a commodity, information that can be positioned as scarce, exclusive, or secret will have more value than common information.

A

Scarcity

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7
Q

the stunt ratchet, where each story is more bizarre than the previous one or than the others available. Violence, disasters, fires, help attract us. Get a little more detail than the previous or competing story

A

Information one-upmanship

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8
Q

Overclaims are made, or implications made in headlines or ticklers (Dangerous threat to your health, film at eleven) that are not fulfilled in the stories themselves.

A

Exaggeration

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9
Q

The first media outlet to cover an issue

A
  1. The early word gets the perm.
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10
Q

Those who frame the terms of discourse influence the choices and the outcomes. If an issue is framed as a battle between tolerance and bigotry, then whatever side is the tolerant one will be preferred.

A
  1. The frame makes the painting.
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11
Q

Selecting certain stories to report on while not selecting others, or selecting certain details of a story while omitting others reflects not just the interests but the agenda of the media outlet.

A

Selection is a viewpoint.

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12
Q

There is an obsession with the new and different. Novelty, the unusual, will get our attention.

A

Newer is equated with truer.

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13
Q

Because information is a commodity item, it must cater to the tastes of its consumers. In other words, information is shaped by cultural priorities. The priorities of contemporary America include selfishness and entertainment.

A

The media sell what the culture buys

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14
Q

We think by using the information given to us by others. When you make generalizations, you must do so based on the information you have received from the information inputs you make use of.

A
  1. You are what you eat and so is your brain.
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15
Q

There is a saying, “Nothing so bad that some don’t like; Nothing so good that some won’t strike.” It is probably impossible to make any assertion that will not find some supporters and some detractors.

A

All ideas are seen as controversial.

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16
Q

Old master paintings are in demand, hence art fraud. Designer luggage is in demand, hence product counterfeiting.

A
  1. Anything in great demand will be counterfeited.
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17
Q

Wrong information (lies, hoaxes, misinformation, rumors, disinformation, garbled truth) never really passes away. It comes back and continues to circulate.

A
  1. Undead information walks ever on.
18
Q

Many people believe that no accusation would be made without any basis, so that if an accusation is made, it must be true, at least in part.

A
  1. To accuse is to convict; possibility is proof.
19
Q

Television is mostly pictorial, partly aural, and very little textual.

A

The medium selects the message

20
Q

When the media are present, especially film news or television media, people behave much differently from the way they would if not being filmed.

A

The Experimenter Effect of Media: the presence of the media creates the story.

21
Q

The motives for the creation and dissemination of information are the same as before and also different now.

A

Yours is not to reason why; yours is to buy and buy.

22
Q

The information we receive comes to us filtered, selected, slanted, verbally charged, and sometimes fabricated. What is left out is often even more important than what is included.

A
  1. The whole truth is a pursuit.
23
Q

Now with millions of Web sites, blogs, Tweets on Twitter and the like, there is an enormous quantity of information of suspect reliability because it is of suspect origin.

A
  1. Provenance Provides Probability.
24
Q

contains the circuitry necessary to understand and carry out program directions.

A

A central processing unit (CPU)

25
Q

is an electronic device that stores and processes data (information).

A

computer

26
Q

TYPES OF COMPUTER

A
  1. Personal computer (PC)
  2. Desktop
  3. Laptops, a.k.a. notebooks,
  4. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
  5. A server
  6. Mainframes
  7. Wearable computers
27
Q

It is a single-user instrument.

A
  1. Personal computer (PC)
28
Q

It is described as a PC that is not designed for portability.

A
  1. Desktop.
29
Q

These are portables that integrate the essentials of a desktop in a batterypowered package somewhat larger than a typical hardcover book.

A
  1. Laptops, a.k.a. notebooks,
30
Q

These are tightly integrated computers that usually do not have keyboards but rely on a touchscreen for user input.

A
  1. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
31
Q

It is a computer that has been beefed up to provide network services to other computers.

A
  1. A server
32
Q

could fill an entire room or even a floor of rooms.

A
  1. Mainframes
33
Q

are integrated into cell phones, watches, and other small objects or places. They perform such common computer applications as databases, e-mail, multimedia, and schedulers.

A
  1. Wearable computers
34
Q

In 1977, they developed the PC modem, then launched the technology that encouraged today’s online and Internet industries to rise and flourish.

A

Dennis C. Hayes and Dale Heatherington

35
Q

directors of a Stanford research project, developed a search engine that listed results to reflect page popularity, when they determined that the most-popular result would frequently be the most usable.

A

Sergey Brin and Larry Page,

36
Q

– An aid for biological research

A

Bioinformatics

37
Q

is the application of
Information technology to store, organize and analyse the vast amount of biological data which is available in the form of sequences and structures of proteins

A

Bioinformatics

38
Q

– Commonly used for comparing sequences

A

BLAST

39
Q

– an interactive genome (nucleic acid sequence)

A

Annotator

40
Q

(NCBI)

A

The National Center for Biotechnology Information

Sts Finals (2 decks)

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