Lesson 1 - Chapter 1 Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and Scientific Revolution

Question 1

The Renaissance

Answer 1

means “rebirth” marked the transition from medieval times to the early modern world

Question 2

Humanism

Answer 2

intellectual movement in which the classical culture of Greece and Rome, focused on worldly subjects rather than religious issues, believed education should stimulate the individual’s creative powers

Question 3

Humanities

Answer 3

subjects such as grammar, rhetoric poetry, and history

Question 4

Patron

Answer 4

a financial supporter of the arts

Question 5

Petrarch

Answer 5

early Renaissance humanist, poet, and scholar

Question 6

Leonardo da Vinci

Answer 6

an artist, painted the Mona Lisa, inventor

Question 7

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Answer 7

sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet

Question 8

Raphael

Answer 8

artist, developed his own style of painting, created The School of Athens

Question 9

Baldassare Castiglione

Answer 9

Author, poet, wrote the “The Book of Courtier”

Question 10

Niccolo Machiavelli

Answer 10

scholar, author, wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power, wrote The Prince

Question 11

“Perspective” Technique

Answer 11

a technique discovered in the renaissance that was parallel lines at a vanishing point to create an illusion of a flat surface.

Question 12

Johann Gutenberg

Answer 12

printed the first complete edition of the Christian Bible, created printing evolution

Question 13

“vernacular”

Answer 13

a language that is spoken by ordinary people in their region, scholars would translate in latin and vernacular.

Question 14

Sir Thomas More

Answer 14

humanist, wrote Utopia demonstrating an ideal society in which men and woman live in harmony and peace.

Question 15

William Shakespeare

Answer 15

Famous English poet and playwright, he wrote 37 plays all performed around the world.

Question 16

Protestant Reformation

Answer 16

a movement that unleashed forces against the Christian religion

Question 17

Martin Luther and Lutheranism

Answer 17

a German monk and professor of technology who triggered the revolt against the Church.

Question 18

John Calvin and Calvinism

Answer 18

a priest and lawyer, he published a book explaining how to run a Protestant church, he created Calvinism which believed there were two kinds of people, a sinner and a saint.

Question 19

“Predestination”

Answer 19

the idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation.

Question 20

Henry VIII and Anglicanism

Answer 20

King Henry was against Protestant revolt and he created the break with the Catholic Church.

Question 21

Mary Tudor

Answer 21

Henry and Catherine’s only surviving child.

Question 22

Elizabeth I of England

Answer 22

Henry and Anne’s daughter.

Question 23

The Scientific Revolution

Answer 23

A profound shift in science thinking brought about the final break with Europe’s medieval past.

Question 24

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 24

Polish scholar who published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres, he proposed the heliocentric model of the universe.

Question 25

Geocentric and Heliocentric Universe

Answer 25

the idea that the sun was the center of the universe instead of the earth.

Question 26

Johannes Kepler

Answer 26

German astronomer and mathematician, calculated the robots of the planets around the sun, which supported the heliocentric view.

Question 27

Galileo Galilei

Answer 27

created the astronomical telescope, he discovered that the four moons of Jupiter move slowly around the planet.

Question 28

Scientific Method

Answer 28

in the early 1600s a new approach to science had emerged.

Question 29

Isaac Newton

Answer 29

discovered the laws of motion and created calculus.