Lesson 1 Cells , Tissue , Organ system Flashcards
What is Cell Theory (3)
All living organisms are composed of cells
arise from the division of other cells
contain inherited information that controls their activities
A)What is a cell?
B) can they live independently?
A)The functioning unit of life; metabolism (the chemical reactions of
life) takes place in cells
B)Given suitable conditions
Are all cells Indentical ? , if they are not identical what do they differ in ?
No, They differ in shape, form, and contents
Are Cells Structural characteristics are closely
correlated with function ?
Yes
What is a tissue?
groups of cells of the same type associate together
What are the four main types of tissue and their function ?
Epithelium – lines the body surface and the surfaces of organs, cavities and tubes
Connective – holds body structures together
Muscle – moves the body or body parts
Nervous – communicates between different parts of the body
A) What are the features of Epithelia tissue (4)
B) whats Glandular epithelium
A)
1- no blood vessels, but nerves are present
3- Have a free surface
4- Protects the tissue which lies beneath it
5- Regulates exchanges between tissues and body cavities
2 - Connected to a membrane to get
nutrients
B)
secrete hormones into the blood vascular system
(endocrine), and/or sweat, mucus, enzymes, and other products that are
delivered by ducts (exocrine)
What are the types of Epithelia ?
Simple:squamous,cubodial,columnar
Stratified:squamous,cubodial,columnar
Transitional
What are the three types of Muscular tissue
smooth
Cardiac
skeletal
A)
What are the features of smooth (muscle tissue)? (3)
B)
Where is it found (3)?
C)
What is it controlled by
D)
How does it appear?
A)
1-Sheets of densely packed elongated fibers running parallel to each other and bound together by connective tissue
2- Each muscle fiber is a single cell with numerous contractile fibrils
3- Contracts and fatigues slowly
B)
1-The walls of the gut
2- Bladder
3-Blood vessel walls
C)
Controlled by the involuntary nervous system
D)Smooth or unstriated
A)
What are the features of Skeletal muscle (muscle tissue)? (2)
B)
How does it appear?
C)
What is it controlled by?
A)
1- Associated with the skeleton for movement of the body
2-Contains contractile fibrils
B)
-Appears striated (striped)
C)
Controlled by the voluntary nervous system
A)
What are the features of Cardiac (muscle tissue)? (2)
B)
Where is it found (1)?
C)
How does it appear?
A)
2- Contains contractile fibrils
3-Myogenic – rhythmical contractions arise from within the cells themselves, without the need for nervous stimulation
B)
Found only in the heart
C)
Appears striated
A)
What are the features of Nervous tissue ? (4)
B)
What is it composed of (2)
A)
1-Regulates and controls bodily functions and activity
2-mental activity
3- homeostasis
4- control of muscles and glands
B)
1-Neurons :receive and transmit impulses
2-Neuroglia : assist the propagation of the nerve impulse and
provide nutrients to the neuron.
A)
What are the features of Connective tissues? (2)
B) What can a matrix be ?
C) Examples of connective tissue
A)
1-Fibrous
2-Consist of cells separated by non-living material (extracellular
matrix)
B)
can be liquid or rigid
C)
1- Blood
2- Bone
3- Tendon
4- Ligament
5- Adipose (fat)
6- Areolar (loose connective tissue that consists of a meshworkof collagen, elastic tissue, and reticular fibres - with many
connective tissue cells in between the meshwork of fibres.)
What is an organ ?
a group of three or more tissues that carries out a particular function
What is an organ system ?
are a collection of different cells and tissues
working together to achieve a specific function
A)
What are the features of the Circulatory System? (3)
B) What does it consist of? (3)
A)
1- It transports oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body
2- Maintain homeostasis (pH,
temperature)
3-Fight disease
B)
heart , blood, blood vessels,
A)
What are the features of the Digestive System ?
B) What does it consist of ?
A)
Turns the food you eat into something useful for the
body
B)
The organs involved in this system include the mouth,
stomach and intestines (GI tract), covering a distance
of about 9 m
- Accessory digestive glands are:
- liver
- gall bladder
- pancreas
A)
What are the features of the endocrine system? (3)
B)
What does it consist of? (4)
C)
How fast are the effects of the endocrine system?
A)
1-Secrete chemical hormones directly into the blood
to be carried towards distant target organs
2-Regulates, coordinates, and controls a number of
body functions
3- These secretions help control moods, growth and
development, and metabolism
B)
1-the pituitary and thyroid glands
2-pancreas
3-the ovaries and testes
4-adrenal glands
C) slow takes weeks to see the effects
A)
What are the features of the Integumentary System? (5)
B)
What does it consist of? (4)
A)
1-Acts as a barrier to protect the body from the outside world
2-retain body fluids
3- protect against disease
4- eliminate waste products
5-regulate body temperature
B)
the skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands
A)
What are the features of the Muscular System? (3)
B)
How does it work?
C) What is the muscular system controlled by?
A)
1-move the body
2- maintain posture
3-move materials through the body
B)
by contracting (shortening)
and relaxing
C) the nervous system
A)
What are the features of the Nervous System? (4)
B)
What does it consist of? (3)
A)
1-The control center of the human body
2-coordinates voluntary and involuntary actions
3-transmits signals to and from different parts of its body
4-It receives and interprets stimuli and transmits
impulses to organs
B) the brain
spinal cord
nerves
A)
What are the features of the Reproductive System?
B)
What does it consist of?
A)
the continuation of the species
Allows for a combination of genetic material
B)
the uterus, penis,
ovaries, and testes
A)
What is the function of the Respiratory System?
B)
What does it consist of?
A)
The primary function is
exchange of oxygen and
carbon dioxide between
an organism and the
environment
B)
nose,
larynx, trachea,
diaphragm, bronchi, and
lungs
A)
What are the features of the Skeletal System?
B)
What does it consist of?
A)
1-Forms the supporting structure
of an organism
2-allows bodily movement
3-produces blood cells
5-stores minerals
B)
bones, cartilage, and joints
A)
What are the features of the Urinary System? (4)
B)
What does it consist of? (4)
A)
1-eliminate wastes from the body
2-regulate blood volume and blood pressure
3- control levels of electrolytes and
metabolites
4-regulate blood pH
B)
the kidneys
* ureters
* urinary bladder
* urethra
