Lesson #1 (Cell/Cell Transport)

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

Cell theory states that living things are composed of one or more cells, that the cell is the basic unit of life, and that cells arise from existing cells.

Question 2

Eukaryote

Answer 2

an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.

Question 3

Prokaryote

Answer 3

a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.

Question 4

organelle

Answer 4

any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.

Question 5

flagella

Answer 5

a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim.

Question 6

cilia

Answer 6

plural form of cilium.

Question 7

Passive transport

Answer 7

Passive transport is a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input

Question 8

Concentration gradient

Answer 8

A concentration gradient occurs when the concentration of particles is higher in one area than another.

Question 9

Diffusion

Answer 9

the spreading of something more widely.

Question 10

osmosis

Answer 10

a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.

Question 11

Hypertonic solution

Answer 11

A solution that contains more dissolved particles (such as salt and other electrolytes) than is found in normal cells and blood.

Question 12

Hypotonic solution

Answer 12

A solution that contains fewer dissolved particles (such as salt and other electrolytes) than is found in normal cells and blood.

Question 13

Isotonic solution

Answer 13

A solution that has the same salt concentration as cells and blood. Isotonic solutions are commonly used as intravenously infused fluids in hospitalized patients.

Question 14

Active transport

Answer 14

the movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy.

Question 15

Endocytosis

Answer 15

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.

Question 16

Exocytosis

Answer 16

a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.