Lesson 1: Building Wire Construction and Insulation Properties Flashcards

1
Q

The conductors that carry the current to electrical devices and ________ equipment are the heart of all electrical systems. There are associated _________ whenever current flows through a conductor.

A

utilization / effects

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2
Q

_______ associated with the flow of current in a conductor is one of the most significant factors to be considered in designing electrical systems. The conductor’s rating is dependent upon its type of ________

A

Heat / electrical insulation

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3
Q

Conductors are assigned a ________ ampacity that reflects the insulation’s ability to handle and dissipate heat under _______ conditions.

A

specific / varying

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4
Q

Conductors used in electrical systems are often defined by the material, if any, that is used to encase the actual electrical conductor. Three classifications exist for electrical conductors; they are ___ , ___ , and ____.

A
  • bare
  • covered
  • insulated
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5
Q

Insulated conductors are the most common conductors installed in electrical systems. These conductors are constructed with a material that been _____ by the NEC as a _____ electrical insulation

A

identified / recognized

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6
Q

There are numerous types of electrical insulations. The type of insulation selected depends upon the condition ____ of the conductor. For example, a conductor for direct burial requires an insulation that is suitable for the conditions it is likely to be exposed to over the ____ of the conductor.

A

of use / life

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7
Q

When conductors are installed in wet locations, the insulated conductors and cables shall be either moisture-impervious metal-sheathed, be of a type listed for use in wet locations, or be of one of the types contained in ____.

A

310.10(C)(2)

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8
Q

The specific insulation types listed for use in wet locations contain the letter ____ in the type designator.

A

W

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9
Q

An important consideration in selecting conductor insulation type is the temperature limitations of the insulation. The three basic insulation temperature ratings listed for the conductors used for general wiring are ____. The ____ temperature that the conductor is exposed to along its entire length shall be used when determining the temperature rating of a conductor.

A

60°C, 75°C, and 90°C / maximum

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10
Q

The common factors that can contribute to conductor insulation degradation because of excessive operating temperature are the ____ temperature in which the conductor insulation shall operate, the ____ heat created in the conductor as a result of current flow, the dissipation rate of the heat into the surrounding environment, and the heat generated by adjacent current-carrying conductors.

A

ambient / internal

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11
Q

The two most common materials used for construction of electrical conductors are copper and aluminum. Copper has excellent ____ and therefore has a higher allowable ____ than a comparable aluminum conductor.

A

conductivity / ampacity

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12
Q

A factor to consider when installing electrical conductors is the weight of the conductors. Copper conductors installed in ______ require support at _____ intervals than are required for aluminum conductors.

A

vertical raceways / shorter

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13
Q

Copper conductors are available as hard-drawn, medium-hard-drawn, and soft-drawn. Hard-drawn copper has the greatest strength, but is difficult to work with. Because of the difficulty in shaping hard-drawn copper, its uses are limited.

A

True

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14
Q

Soft-drawn copper is easy to work with and can be installed in many different types of raceways and cable ____. Most general building wires used in electrical distribution systems are made of soft-drawn copper.

A

assemblies

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15
Q

Aluminum conductors have been used extensively for a number of years in the utility distribution and transmission field. More recently, aluminum conductors have found increasing applications in building electrical distribution systems.

A

True

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16
Q

Despite the fact that aluminum is not as good a conductor as copper, its reduced ____ is compensated by the considerable cost savings in using aluminum conductors.

A

conductivity

17
Q

Because the surface of aluminum conductors oxidizes readily, terminations are generally made with the aid of ____ designed to prevent the oxide from re-forming in the installation process.

A

joint compounds

18
Q

Conductors of different materials, like copper and aluminum, should not be terminated in a manner that causes the dissimilar metals to come in direct contact with each other unless the termination or splicing device is _____ for such use.

A

identified

19
Q

Manufacturers provide ____ specifications for terminations. The termination should be tightened to those specifications to ensure that the connection is electrically sound.

A

torquing

20
Q

Copper-clad conductors are constructed using a minimum of ____ copper, which is bonded metallurgically to the aluminum.

A

10%

21
Q

Solid conductors are constructed of a single piece of wire (strand). Stranded conductors are constructed of multiple wire (strands).

A

True

22
Q

Chapter 9, Table ____ of the NEC lists conductor properties.

A

8

23
Q

Maximum Temperature Ratings:

RHW =     
XHHW (wet) =     
MTW =     
TFE =     
UF =     
XHHW (dry) =     
THWN-2 =
A
RHW =  75°C
XHHW (wet) =  75°C
MTW =  60°C and 90°C
TFE =  250°C    
UF = 60°C and 75°C    
XHHW (dry) =  90°C    
THWN-2 =  90°C
24
Q

In Table 8, Chapter 9 of the NEC, Conductors are listed from size #___, the smallest, to #___, the largest.

A

18 AWG / 2,000 kcmil

25
Q

A circular mil (CM) is the area of a circle with a diameter of _____.

A

one mil

26
Q

As the diameter of the wire increases, the AWG number ____, and the resistance of the conductor ____.

A

decreases / decreases

27
Q

Every electrical conducting material has a different resistance to current flow. In order to perform calculations to determine circuit resistance, you must know the _____ (abbreviated K) of a material.

A

specific resistance

28
Q

The K of a material is defined as the resistance of the wire made from that material which is ____ long, and ____ in diameter.

A

1 foot / 1 mil

29
Q

What happens to the resistance of most conductors as the temperature increases?

A

it increases

30
Q

The K factor of a copper conductor at 68° is ____.

A

10.4

31
Q

Cable Types:

I. Armored
II. Flat conductor
III. Mineral insulated
IV. Machine tool wire
V. Nonmetallic-sheathed
VI. Underground feeder
VII. Service entrance cable
VIII. Thermoplastic
A
MTW = Machine tool wire
FCC = Flat conductor
AC = Armored
MI = Mineral insulated
NM = Nonmetallic-sheathed
THW = Thermoplastic
UF = Underground feeder
SE = Service entrance cable
32
Q

What is the difference between insulation types THW and THWN?

A

THWN has a nylon jacket

33
Q

Conductors, type SIS, for switchboard wiring, have a maximum operating temperature of ____.

A

194°F

34
Q

THW wire is available in sizes from ___ to ___.

A

14 AWG / 2,000 kcmil

35
Q

Indicate which two of the following cable types are allowed for use in wet locations:

I. RHH
II. RHW
III. RHW-2
IV. XHH

A

RHW & RHW-2

36
Q

Type XHHW conductors are listed for use in ____ location(s).

A

all of the above

37
Q

Listed wire types designated with the suffix ___ shall be permitted to be used at a continuous 90°C operating temperature in both wet and dry locations.

A

-2