Lesson 1 - Atomic Theory Flashcards
Matter
- Anything with a mass and volume
- Can be solid liquid or gas
- Divided into mixtures and pure substances
Mixtures
- Can be heterogeneous: see diff parts. COLLOIDS AND SUSPENSIONS
- Cab be homogenous: Uniform appearance. SOLUTIONS AND ALLOYS
Pure substances
- Only one type of particle
- Can be element or a compound
Atomism
- Matter is composed of tiny particles that move through surrounding space.
John Dalton
• atomic theory in 1803.
• Matter composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.
• Atoms of same element are identical to one another (mass, size, shape).
• Chemical reactions = rearrangement of atoms.
• Billiard ball model.
J.J Thompson
• Discovered that matter contains tiny, charged particles, electrons.
• Plum pudding model
• Atom consists of positive sphere with negative particles scattered throughout.
Ernest Rutherford
•Proved existence of a positively charged nucleus
• Gold foil experiment
• Solar system model
James Chadwick
In 1932, Chadwick proved the existence of neutral neutrons in the nucleus.
Erwin Shrodinger
- Proposed the quantum Erwin Shrodinger’s Model mechanical model of the atom.
• Electron
Cloud Model - A negative cloud surrounding a positive nucleus.
Metals
Lose electrons
Good conductors
malleable, ductile, shiny
Non-metals
gain electrons
form covalent bonds
poor conductors
brittle, nonducile
Metaloidd
properties lf metals and non metals.
Some conduct electricity and some don’t
straddle the staircase
Alkali metals
1 valence electrons
ready to lose in ionic bond
react vigorously with water
alkaline earth metals
2 valence electrons
ready to lose
Halogens
7 valence electrons
aggressively seek 1 more
Noble gases
fully full
stable and unreactive
transition metals
Multi valency
more common charge is on top or first
Isotopes
same element, diff atomic mass cus of neutrons
Anion
non metals
negative cus it gains electrond
Cation
metals
positive cus it loses electrons
