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_MET > Lesson 1 - Atmosphere > Flashcards

Lesson 1 - Atmosphere Flashcards

1
Q

What is the composition of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Other gases 1%

Argon 0.95%
Carbon Dioxide 0.05%
Ozone (trace)
Carbon monoxide (trace)

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2
Q

What sections is the atmosphere made up of (bottom upwards)

A

Troposphere
Tropopause
Stratosphere
Stratopause
Mesosphere
Mesopause
Thermosphere

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3
Q

What rate does temperature decrease in the troposphere? ISA LAPSE RATE

A

1.98deg per 1000ft (2 calcs)

OR

0.65deg per 100m

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4
Q

Tropopause and above is a constant ISA temperature, what is it?

A

-56.5C

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5
Q

What percentage of the atmosphere is water vapour (H2Og) at lower levels?

A

4%

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6
Q

Around 50% of the water vapour within the atmosphere is found below what level? (km)

A

1.5km

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7
Q

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a heat source because it absorbs what?

A

Long wave terrestrial radiation

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8
Q

Ozone acts as a heat source in the atmosphere by absorbing what?

A

Short wave solar radiation

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9
Q

The earths atmosphere is adiabatic because, what?

A

Temperature changes with pressure

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10
Q

On average the troposphere extends to what height above mean sea level (AMSL)? (km)

A

11km

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11
Q

What is the ISA sea level temperature?

A

15deg

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12
Q

Where do jet streams exist?

A

Just below tropopause

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13
Q

The equatorial tropopause is higher and colder due to energy being very high and constant. What height and what temperature?

A

16-18km

-70/90deg

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14
Q

In the stratosphere the temperature is constant to what height?

A

Approx 20km (65600ft) where it meets the ozone after which it increases.

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15
Q

At what height is ozone generally present?

A

20-30km

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16
Q

What is the ISA pressure at sea level?

A

1013.25hPa

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17
Q

What height is the troposphere above the poles?

A

8-10km

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18
Q

What height is the troposphere above the equator?

A

16-18km

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19
Q

What is the temperature at the tropopause over the poles?

A

-40 to -50deg

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20
Q

In the stratosphere the temperature ____ with altitude and the change _____ uniform

A

Increases with altitude, is not uniform

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21
Q

The stratosphere is used as the cruising altitude for most commercial airliners because…

A

There is no active weather or convective turbulence

22
Q

What is the ISA air density from just below sea level up to 32km?

A

1.225kg/m3

23
Q

Between 11km (36090ft) and 20km (65617ft FL650) the air temperature is…

A

-56.5deg, CONSTANT

24
Q

The temperature between 20km (65617ft) and 32km (104987ft)…

A

Increases 0.1deg/100m

25
Q

The temperature within the stratosphere is constant up until a height of about…

A

20km

26
Q

What is the ISA pressure assumption for mercury InHg at MSL

A

29.92 (inches)

27
Q

Near the surface you should assume 1hPa for every…

A

30ft (9m) height

28
Q

At 18000ft you should assume 1hPa for every…

A

48ft

18000ft FL180 = half way troposphere (36000ft)

29
Q

At 22000ft the ISA density is approximately _% to AMSL

A

50%

30
Q

At 40000ft FL400 density is approx _% to AMSL

A

25%

31
Q

What is VOLMET?

A

Weather reports and forecasts IN FLIGHT. Primarily on HF radio in Oceania and VHF in Europe

32
Q

What info does ATIS provide?

A

Weather and operational info. Plain language takeoff and landing report prepared by ATC at controlled aerodromes

Issued whenever a change occurs.

Wind direction is magnetic

33
Q

What does ACARS stand for?

A

Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System (in-flight display)

34
Q

What should a pilot report on a PIREP (AIREP/ARS)

A

Wind shear
Volcanic activity
MOD SEV Turbulence
MOD SEV Icing
MOD SEV Mountain Waves
Thunderstorms (with or without hail)
Heavy Dust/Sand Storm

35
Q

Runway State Group 8 digit code can be issued on the end of a METAR to give you what?

A

Braking action coefficients

36
Q

What are the key 8 digits of the Runway State Group

A

1,2 - RWY
3 - Contamination type
4 - Extent
5,6 - Depth
7,8 - Braking Action OR Friction Coefficient

37
Q

What is the difference between a Gust and a Squall?

A

Gust - increase of wind speed for less than a minute

Squall - over a minute

38
Q

What is braking condition 01-90?

A

Friction coefficient eg 34 = 0.34

39
Q

What it braking condition 91

A

Poor

40
Q

What it braking condition 92

A

BA Poor

41
Q

What it braking condition 93

A

BA Medium-Poor

42
Q

What it braking condition 94

A

BA Medium-Good

43
Q

What it braking condition 95

A

BA Good

44
Q

What it braking condition 99

A

BA unreliable or not measurable eg due to aquaplaning

45
Q

AIRMET & GAMET operate at what levels?

A

Below FL100 or FL150 in mountainous areas

46
Q

What does an AIRMET transmit?

A

En-route weather phenomena which may affect safety of low level flight (below FL100 or 150 if mountainous)

47
Q

What is a GAMET

A

plain language area forecast below FL100 or 150 if mountainous

48
Q

What altitude levels are used on SIGWX charts?

A

Low level: >FL100 (locally produced)
Medium level: FL100 to FL250
High level: FL250 to FL450

Medium and high produced by London and Washington

49
Q

QNH is…

A

Sea level pressure at specific location

50
Q

QFF is…

A

Sea level pressure in a general area

_MET (2 decks)

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