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Medical Therapeutics, Assis. Prof. Keo Sokonth, > Lesson 1: Allergic rhinitis > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Allergic rhinitis Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Allergic rhinitis, of which the seasonal type is called _________, is a type of inflammation in the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens. These reactions may be ______ or _________.

A

Allergic rhinitis, of which the seasonal type is called hay fever, is a type of inflammation in the nose that occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens. These reactions may be seasonal or perennial.

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2
Q

Typically triggered by ___________ allergens such as pollen, pet hair, dust, or mold.

A

Typically triggered by environmental allergens such as pollen, pet hair, dust, or mold.

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3
Q

Inherited _________ and ___________ exposures contribute to the development of allergies

A

Inherited genetics and environmental exposures contribute to the development of allergies

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4
Q

Predisposing factors to allergic rhinitis include ___________ and __________.

A

Predisposing factors to allergic rhinitis include eczema (atopic dermatitis) and asthma.

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5
Q

Atopictriad:⭐

  • ______________
  • _____________
  • ________
A

Atopictriad:⭐

  • Eczema(atopicdermatitis)
  • Asthma
  • Allergicrhinitis
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6
Q

Types of allergic rhinitis:

  1. ____________
  2. ____________
A

Types of allergic rhinitis:

  1. Seasonal Allergic rhinitis
  2. Perennial allergic rhinitis
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7
Q

Pathogenesis: (2 steps)

  1. _______________tospecificantigen(IgE)
  2. _____________tosameantigen(degranulationofmastcells→chemicalmediatorsreleased.)
A

Pathogenesis: (2 steps)

  1. Sensitizing&primingtospecificantigen(IgE)
  2. Subsequentexposuretosameantigen(degranulationofmastcells→chemicalmediatorsreleased.)
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8
Q

Signs and symptoms:

  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______
  4. ______
  5. ______
  6. ______
A
  1. Runnyorstuffynose
  2. Sneezing
  3. Red
  4. Itchy
  5. Wateryeyes
  6. Swellingaroundtheeyes
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9
Q

The fluid from the nose is usually _________.

A

The fluid from the nose is usually clear.

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10
Q

Symptom onset is often within ________ following allergen exposure

A

Symptom onset is often within minutes following allergen exposure

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11
Q

Some people may develop symptoms only during ___________ of the year, often as a result of pollen exposure.

A

Some people may develop symptoms only during specific times of the year, often as a result of pollen exposure.

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12
Q

Many people with allergic rhinitis also have ________, allergic __________, or atopic ________.

A

Many people with allergic rhinitis also have asthma, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis.

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13
Q

Allergy testing is not _____________.

A

Allergy testing is not definitive.

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14
Q

Diagnosis:

  1. _________
  2. ___________
  3. __________
A

Diagnosis:

  1. Allergy testing (Skin testing)
  2. Blood test for allergy (Specific IgE)
  3. Nasal allergen challenge (nasal provocation) test.
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15
Q

Blood test for allergy (Specific IgE):

  1. ______________
  2. _______________
A

Blood test for allergy (Specific IgE):

  1. Radio-allergosorbent test (RAST)
  2. Modified RAST
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16
Q

Management:

  1. __________
  2. __________
  3. __________
  4. __________
  5. __________
  6. __________
A

Management:

  1. Avoidance of allergens
  2. Patient education
  3. Nasal douching (Saline irrigation)
  4. Medical therapy
  5. Immunotherapy (Desensitization)
  6. Surgery (Limited)
17
Q

Medical therapy:

  1. __________
  2. __________
  3. __________
  4. __________
  5. __________
  6. __________
  7. __________
A

Medical therapy:
1 . Antihistamine
2. Steroid (Most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis)
3. Decongestants
4. Mast cell stabilizer (Sodium cromoglycate)
5. Anticholinergic agents (Ipratropium bromide)
6. Leukotriene receptor antagonists
7. Topical eye preparations

18
Q

Cetirizine: ___ to ___ mg orally once a day; maximum dose: _____mg/day

A

Cetirizine: 5 to 10 mg orally once a day; maximum dose: 10 mg/day

19
Q

Loratadine: adults is ____mg once a day.

A

Loratadine: adults is 10mg once a day.

20
Q

Most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis is ______.

A

Most effective treatment for allergic rhinitis is Steroid.

21
Q

Mast cell stabilizer (generic drug)

_________

A

Mast cell stabilizer (generic drug)

Sodium Cromoglycate

22
Q

Mast cell stabilizer usage

  1. Used ______ the onset of symptoms
  2. Can be used in younger children ____ years of age
A

Mast cell stabilizer usage

  1. Used before the onset of symptoms
  2. Can be used in younger children < 2 years of age
23
Q 
Anticholinergic agents (Generic name)
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A 
Anticholinergic agents (Generic name)
Ipratropium bromide
24
Q

Anticholinergic agents (Ipratropium bromide) is useful against ______________.

A

Anticholinergic agents (Ipratropium bromide) is useful against nasal discharge.

25
Q

Anticholinergic agents (Ipratropium bromide) is occasionally helpful in patients with allergic rhinitis who do not respond to _____________.

A

Anticholinergic agents (Ipratropium bromide) is occasionally helpful in patients with allergic rhinitis who do not respond to topical steroid.

26
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonists reduce ________, _____, and _______ secretions of allergic rhinitis.

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists reduce inflammation, edema, and mucous secretions of allergic rhinitis.

27
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (drug name)

  1. M________ sodium (S_______)
  2. Z________ (A_______)
A

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (drug name)

  1. Montelukast sodium (Singulair)
  2. Zafirlukast (Accolate)
28
Q

Surgery

  1. S_____t________
  2. Sep______
  3. Si________
A

Surgery

  1. Submucosal turbinectomy
  2. Septoplasty
  3. Sinus surgery
29
Q

Submucosal turbinectomy: ______________.

A

Submucosal turbinectomy: reduces size of boggy turbinates.

30
Q

Septoplasty: _________________.

A

Septoplasty: correction of deviation of septum.

31
Q

Sinus surgery: _________________.

A

Sinus surgery: clearance of sinuses if sinusitis is present.

32
Q

Complication

  1. __________
  2. __________
  3. __________
  4. __________
  5. __________
  6. __________
  7. ___________
A

Complication

1- Otitismedia
2- Hearing/speechdevelopmentimpairment
3- Nasalpolyps
4- Rhino-sinusitis
5- Asthma
6- Sleepapneasyndrome
7- Upperrespiratoryinfection

Medical Therapeutics, Assis. Prof. Keo Sokonth, (1 decks)

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