Lesson 1 Flashcards
paraphrase
PAR-uh-frayz
To restate, put what someone else has expressed into different words.
ostensible
ah-STEN-si-bul
Apparent, appearing or seeming to be true, professed or declared as true without being demonstrated or proved.
plausible
PLAW-zi-bul
having an appearance of truth or reason; seemingly worthy of approval and acceptance.
specious
SPEE-shus
superficially plausible, but actually wrong.
digress
di-GRES or dy-GRES
To wander, stray from the point, ramble, deviate, go off in another direction.
ingress
IN-gres
The act of going in or entering.
egress
EE-gres
The act of going out or leaving a place.
uncanny
uhn-KAN-ee
Eerie, strange, weird, mysterious.
candor
KAN-dur
(n) Frankness, openness, sincere expression.
(adj) is candid.
ingenuous
in-JEN-yoo-us
Honestly and sincerely, with no hint of evasiveness.
morose
muh-ROHS
Gloomy, moody, grumpy, ill-tempered, depressed.
dolorous
DOH-luh-rus
mournful, full of sadness.
lugubrious
luh-GOO-bree-us
extremely gloomy or dismal
saturnine
SAT-ur-nyn
having a bitter disposition or sour outlook on life.
jovial
JOH-vee-ul
cheerful and friendly
sanguine
SANG-gwin
optimistic or positive, especially in an apparently bad or difficult situation.
sullen
SUHL-in
bad-tempered and sulky; gloomy
misanthropy
mis-AN-thruh-pee
hatred of humankind, a spiteful or pessimistic attitude about the human race.
adept
uh-DEPT
skilled
dexterous
DEK-strus or DEK-stur-us
showing or having skills, especially with the hands.
proficient
pruh-FISH-int
competent or skilled in doing or using something.
saturated
SACH-uh-RAY-tid
Soaked, thoroughly wet, full of moisture
permeated
PUR-mee-AY-tid
spread throughout (something); pervade
imbued
im-BYOOD
to inspire or permeate with (a feeling or quality)
sodden
SAHD-‘n
saturated with liquid; soaked through.
pragmatic
prag-Mat-ik
Practical, having to do with actual practice, concerned with everyday affairs as opposed to theory or speculation.
congenial
kun-JEE-nee-ul
Sympathetic, agreeable, compatible, kindred, harmonious, having the same taste, nature, or temperament.
dissident
DIS-uh-dint
disagreeing, especially with an established religion or political system, organization, or belief.
incongruous
in-KAHNG-groo-us
not in harmony or keeping with the surroundings or other aspects of something.
capricious
kuh-PRISH-us
(adj) Unpredictable, tending to change abruptly for no apparent reason or logical reason.
whimsical
W(H)IM-zi-kul
acting or behaving in a capricious manner.
volatile
VAHL-uh-tul
liable to change rapidly and unpredictable, especially for the worse.
mercurial
mur-KYUR-ee-ul
(of a person) subject to sudden or unpredictable changes of mood or mind.
caprice
Kuh-PREES
(n) a sudden change of mind or change in the emotions.
blatant
BLAYT-‘n
Noisy, disagreeably or offensively loud, boisterous, clamorous.
and
Sticking out in a glaring way, obtrusive, flagrant.
obligatory
uh-BLIG-uh-tor-ee
Required, necessary, binding, mandatory.
negligible
NEG-li-ji-bul
unimportant, trifling, of little consequence.
adamant
AD-uh-mint
Unyielding, immovable, inflexible, refusing to give in, unshakeable, unrelenting, implacable.
sporadic
spuh-RAD-ik or spor-AD-ik
Occasional, infrequent, irregular, not constant, happening from time to time, occurring in a scattered or random way.
incessant
in-SES-int
(of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption.
vanguard
VAN-gahrd
The forefront of an action or movement, leading position or persons in a movement.
concur
kun-KUR
To agree, be in accord with, unite in opinion.
precociousness
pruh-KOH-shus-nis
Early development or maturity, especially in mental ability.
aloof
uh-LOOF
Apart, at a distance, removed, withdrawn, not wishing to speak or associate with others.
creed
rhymes with need
Belief, professed faith or opinion, especially a system of religious belief.
credo
KREE-doh or KRAY-doh
latin for “I believe”; a declared set of beliefs or opinions. Usually reserved for a formal declaration.
credulous
KREJ-uh-lus
inclined to believe, willing to accept something as true without questioning.
tawdry
TAW-dree
cheap and showy, gaudy, garish, sleazy. (may refer to ones appearance or reputation).
peevish
PEE-vish
Irritable, cross, complaining, fretful, ill-humored and impatient, difficult to please.
arduous
AHR-joo-us
Very difficult, hard to achieve or accomplish, requiring great effort.
personable
PUR-suh-nuh-buul
Attractive, pleasing in appearance, handsome, comely, fair, presentable.
resolute
REZ-uh-loot
Firmly determined or settled, resolved, having a set opinion or purpose, steadfast, unwavering, persevering.
vacillating
VAS-i-lay-ting
alternate or waver between different opinions or actions; be indecisive.
supposition
SUHP-uh-ZISH-in
An assumption, theory, hypothesis. May be based on ample evidence or no evidence at all, and may be either sensible or irrational.
hypothesis
hy-PAHTH-uh-sis
a preliminary or incomplete theory based on insufficient evidence.
conjecture
kun-JEK-chur
an assumption based on so little evidence that it is merely an educated guess.
arbitrary
AHR-bi-TRAIR-ee
- unreasoned, based on personal feelings or preferences rather than on reason, logic or law. Making discretionary judgements or decisions that may or may not be fair or reasonable.
- determined or arrived at in a random or illogical manner.
- exercising unrestrained or absolute power.
arbitrator
AHR-bi-TRAY-tur
a judge or umpire who makes a final decision or resolves a dispute.
monotonous
muh-NAHT-uh-nus
Lacking variety, tediously uniform, unvarying and dull.
legacy
LEG-uh-see
Something handed down from the past, an inheritance.
manifold
MAN-i-fohld
Numerous AND varied. consisting of many kinds, containing many elements, features, or characteristics.
multifarious
MUHL-ti-FAIR-ee-us
having great variety or diversity.
multitudinous
MUHL-ti-T(Y)OO-di-nus
Containing a multitude, consisting of a great number of persons or things.
pliant
PLY-int
Bending easily, flexible, adaptable, workable.
retort
ri-TORT
A quick reply, especially one that is cutting or witty.
obstinate
AHB-sti-nit
Stubborn, inflexible, unwilling to give in or compromise, not yielding to argument or persuasion.
lacerate
LAS-uh-rayt
To tear, cut roughly, rend, mangle.
omnipotent
ahm-NIP-uh-tint
All-powerful, almighty, having unlimited power or authority.
unscrupulous
uhn-SKROO-pyuh-lus
Untrustworthy, dishonorable, deceitful, corrupt, lacking integrity or moral principles.
renaissance
ren-uh-SAHNS or REN-uh-sahns
A revival, rebirth, resurgence, renewal of life or vigor.
genesis
JEN-uh-sis
A coming into being, beginning, origin, birth, creation.
warrant
WAHR-int
To justify, give good reason for, authorize, sanction.
cantankerous
kan-TANGK-uh-rus
Difficult to deal with, disagreeable, argumentative, quick to quarrel or to exhibit ill will.
contentious
kun-TEN-shus
quarrelsome, prone to argue or dispute.
irascible
i-RAS-uh-bul
quick-tempered, easily angered, extremely irritable.
flippant
FLIP-‘nt
Disrespectful in a frivolous way, treating something serious in a trivial manner.
subjugate
SUHB-juh-gayt
To conquer, defeat, vanquish, overwhelm completely, bring under rigid control, make submissive, dominate, enslave.
wry
like rye
Twisted, crooked, lopsided, askew, distorted in an odd, amusing way.
urbane
ur-BAYN
Polished, sophisticated, suave, cosmopolitan.
jargon
JAHR-gun
Specialized and often pretentious language; speech and writing that is highly technical and difficult to understand.
prudent
PROO-dint
Cautious, careful, planning wisely, exercising sound judgment in practical matters.
inviolable
in-VY-ul-uh-bul
Secure, safe from assault, infringement, or destruction, sacred, untouchable, unassailable, incorruptible.
commodious
kuh-MOH-dee-us
Spacious, having plenty of room, comfortably convenient.
proximity
prahk-SIM-i-tee
Nearness, closeness, the state of being in the vicinity of something.
