lesson 1 Flashcards
gamete
are an organisms reproductive cells .
binary fission
asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies.
gene
a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.
chromosome
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
chromatid
each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
centromere
the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.
homologus chromosome
contain the same genes in the same order along their chromosomal arms.
diploid
containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
noun
haploid
Haploid is the quality of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes.
zygote
a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.
karyotype
the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.
cell cycle
A cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides.
interphase
the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.
mitosis
a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.
cytokinesis
the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
cancer
a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.
meiosis
a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.
