lesson 1

Question 1

Gamete

Answer 1

Gametes are an organism’s reproductive cells. They are also referred to as sex cells. Female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm.

Question 2

Binary fission

Answer 2

Binary fission, asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies. In the process of binary fission, an organism duplicates its genetic material, or deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 4

Chromosome

Answer 4

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 5

Chromatid

Answer 5

each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.

Question 6

Centromere

Answer 6

the region of a chromosome to which the microtubules of the spindle attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

Question 7

Homologous chromosome

Answer 7

Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes which contain the same genes in the same order along their chromosomal arms. There are two main properties of homologous chromosomes: the length of chromosomal arms and the placement of the centromere.

Question 8

Diploid

Answer 8

containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each pare

Question 9

Haploid

Answer 9

having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Question 10

Zygote

Answer 10

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.

Question 11

Karyotype

Answer 11

the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

Question 12

Cell Cycle

Answer 12

they cycle which a cell takes

Question 13

Interphase

Answer 13

the resting phase between successive mitotic divisions of a cell, or between the first and second divisions of meiosis.

Question 14

Mitosis

Answer 14

a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth.

Question 15

Cytokinesis

Answer 15

the cytoplasmic division of a cell at the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.

Question 16

Cancer

Answer 16

a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.

Question 17

Meiosis

Answer 17

type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores.