Lesson 1

Question 1

Who started the term bioethics ?

Answer 1

Potter in 1970 - Science to survive and bridge to the future

Question 2

What were the tuskegee experiments?

Answer 2

US public health system, learned about syphilis using niggas and lying to them / going against curent ethical conidtions

Question 3

Phocomelia how did that happen?

Answer 3

Thalidomide, Germans dr. prescribed this medicine for pregnant ladies who had morning sickness, but they never tried the drugs on anyone

Question 4

Legality of abortion?

Answer 4

Roe vs Wade - went to court and ask to abort, accepting under “ Womans privacy right “

Question 5

First IVF baby?

Answer 5

Louis brown,
Bioethical concern that came: To actually do the procedure u need to make a few eggs and what do u do with the rest once one works? , freeze ? etc?

Question 6

Pre-embryo topic?

Answer 6

Warnock report - woman who answered what to do with frozen embryos and brought it to the legal side.
0-14 days is fine but after it can become differentiated and can become twins etc…

Question 7

Who cretaed Dolly?

Answer 7

Wilmut, and it was the first Cloned organism

Question 8

Whats the human genome project?

Answer 8

2003 - intl research to map the DNA sequence for gene function. 1st step towards enhancement or else slippery slope starts.

Question 9

Who is YAMAKA?

Answer 9

IPS cells - not differentiated yet, Toti potent or Multi potent ?

Question 10

Nuremberg code

Answer 10

10 criteria document for voluntary consent in experimentation, test first animals then humans, non-life threatening , freedom to leave the study

Question 11

Geneva convention?

Answer 11

1948 - Humanitary rights with hippocratic oath. Dedication to humanitarian goals of medicine

Question 12

Helsinki

Answer 12

Try- due to thalodimide problem, need to try meds before u give them to people

Question 13

Belmont Report 4 start hotel

Answer 13

Started the 4 principles of JANB - came after tuskegee

Question 14

Oviedo - OVO fest

Answer 14

U.N rights with human genome and transplantations

Question 15

Three models to bioethical approache :

Answer 15

Cognitivist model
Non-cogntivist model
Person focused

Question 16

What is the Bioethical model of Cognitivst and who is in it?

Answer 16

D-eontology: duty of rules : Can never use self sacrifice / hurt someone by Kant
N-atural Law with artistotle and sgreccia :
Some universal moral rules using Personalism.

Question 17

What is personalism :

Answer 17

Human have to be the center in a society, science is under the service of humans , respect human dignitiy

Question 18

Non-cognitivist model?

Answer 18

Principlist(
Evolutionist (Darwin Wilson) - survival of the fittest- justifiying killing people to improve our DNA
Liberalist - with Nietzche +’vism, and Sartre - morality is a autonomous choice
Utalitarian with SingerSandel - Greatest benefit and good for the greatest number of people regardles of means using cost and benefit balance
Consensus - minimum ethics
Casuistry - theoretical reasonsing for moral issue

Question 19

Bioethical models of subject focused approaches:

Answer 19

CareTaking - Gilligan Rudick
made by feminist to treat the world with empathy and comitments etc on personal care
Virtue ethics by McIntyre Pelligrino - Deciding one’s character for ethical behavior

Question 20

Natural Vs Positivism

Answer 20

Natural :
Can't judge 
No human rights
Accepts and follow
Democracy 
Positivism:
Cannot judge
Human rights here
Democracy doesnt have limits
Create and build
Human rights given by parliaments