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LSAT > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Question Type 9

A

Information Useful for the Purpose of Evaluation

-Occur 0.7 % of the time
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2
Q

Question Type 15

A

Argument Evaluation

-Occur 0.1 % of the time
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3
Q

Question Type 6

A

Resolve/Explain

-Occur 7 % of the time
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4
Q

Question Type 1

A

Must Be True/Inference/Conclusion

-Occur 13.9 % of the time
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5
Q

Question Type 10

A

Cannot Be True/Must be False

-Occur 1.6% of the time
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6
Q

Question Type 11

A

Point at Issue/Point of Disagreement

-Occur 2.9 % of the time
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7
Q

Question Type 3

A

Weaken/Undermine

-Occur 10.8 % of the time
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8
Q

Question Type 14

A

Misinterpretation

-Occur 0.4 % of the time
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9
Q

Question Type 4

A

Method of Reasoning

-Occur 17.9 % of the time
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10
Q

Question Type 2

A

Strengthen/Assumption/Premise

-Occur 26.8 % of the time
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11
Q

Question Type 7

A

Main Point

-Occur 4.9 % of the time
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12
Q

Question Type 8

A

Role/Function

-Occur 2.7 % of the time
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13
Q

Question Type 12

A

Point of Agreement

-Occur .2 % of the time
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14
Q

Question Type 13

A

Illustration

-Occur 1.3% of the time
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15
Q

Question Type 5

A

Parallel Reasoning

-Occur 7.9 % of the time

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16
Q
  • The main point of the argument above is that:

- Which one of the following statements most accurately expresses the argument’s main conclusion?

A

Type 7

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17
Q
  • Which one of the following would it be most useful to know in order to evaluate the argument?
  • The answer to which of the following questions would be most relevant in evaluating the conclusion drawn above?
A

Type 9

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18
Q
  • If the statements above are true, then which one of the following must be true.
  • Which one of the following inferences is most strongly supported by the information above?
A

Type 1

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19
Q
  • Which one of the following is most closely parallel in its reasoning to the argument above?
  • The argument above exhibits an erroneous pattern of reasoning most similar to that exhibited by which one of the following?
A

Type 5

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20
Q
  • On the basis of their statements, Monica and Hector are committed to disagreeing over whether:
  • Which one of he following mot accurately expresses a point of disagreement between the critic and the writers?
A

Type 11

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21
Q
  • If the statements are true, each of the following cold be true EXCEPT:
  • The statement above, if true, most seriously undermine which one of the following assertions?
A

Type 10

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22
Q
  • Which one of the following statements, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?
  • Which one of the following, if true, would cast the most doubt on the conclusion?
A

Type 3

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23
Q
  • The argument above would be most strengthened it which one of the following were true?
  • The argument is based on which one of the following assumptions?
A

Type 2

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24
Q
  • On the basis of their statements, the chemist and the biologist are committed to agreeing that:
  • Which conversation most strongly supports the claim that Joshua and Ashley share which one of the following viewpoints?
A

Type 12

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25
Q
  • The argument employs which one of the following argumentative strategies
  • Which one of the following most accurately describes a flaw in the reasoning above?
A

Type 4

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26
Q
  • The student’s remarks indicate that she has interpreted the teacher’s statements to imply:
  • Mr. West’s remarks suggest that he is misinterpreting which one of he following words used by Ms. Smith?
A

Type 14

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27
Q
  • Which one of the following is the most adequate evaluation of the logical force of the argument?
  • Which one of the following is the most accurate assessment of the ambassador’s reply?
A

Type 15

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28
Q
  • Which one of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy in the passage?
  • Which one of the following, if true, most helps to explain the phenomenon described above?
A

Type 6

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29
Q
  • The claim that dream content varies enormously figures in the argument in which of the following ways?
  • Which one of the following most accurately describes the role played in the teacher’s argument by the assertion that participating in organized competitive athletics may increase a child’s strength and coordination?
A

Type 8

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30
Q
  • The situation as described above mot closely conforms to which of the following generalizations?
  • Which one of the following best illustrates the proposition above?
A

Type 13

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31
Q

Incorrect Negation of:

- If something is an apple, then it is a fruit
- A -----> B
A

If something is not an apple, then it is not a fruit

-A (not) ----> B (not)
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32
Q

Incorrect Reversal of:

- If something is an apple, then it is a fruit
- A -----> B
A

If something is a fruit, then it is an apple

-B  ----> A
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33
Q

Contrapositive of:

- If something is an apple, then it is a fruit
- A -----> B
A

If something is not a fruit then it is not an apple

B (not) —-> A (not)

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34
Q

Incorrect Negation

A

Incorrect Negation

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35
Q

Incorrect Reversal

A

formed by reserving both terms in a given statement

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36
Q

Contrapositive

A

formed by reversing AND negating both terms of a given statement

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37
Q

Incorrect Negation of:

-A ----> B
A

A (not) —-> B (not)

38
Q

Incorrect Reversal of:

-A ----> B
A

B —-> A

39
Q

Contrapositive of:

-A ----> B
A

B (not) —-> A (not)

40
Q

Incorrect Negation of:

-A ----> B (not)
A

A (not)—-> B

41
Q

Incorrect Reversal of:

-A ----> B (not)
A

B (not) —-> A

42
Q

Contrapositive of:

-A ----> B (not)
A

B —-> A (not)

43
Q

Incorrect Negation of:

-A (not) ----> B
A

A —-> B (not)

44
Q

Incorrect Reversal of:

-A (not) ----> B
A

B —-> A (not)

45
Q

Contrapositive of:

-A (not) ----> B
A

B (not) —-> A

46
Q

Incorrect Negation of:

-A (not) ----> B (not)
A

A —-> B

47
Q

Incorrect Reversal of:

-A (not) ----> B (not)
A

B (not) —-> A (not)

48
Q

Contrapositive of:

-A (not) ----> B (not)
A

B —-> A

49
Q

Contrapositive of P —–> Q and R

A

Q (not) or R (not) —-> P (not)

50
Q

Contrapositive of P —–> Q or R

A

Q (not) and R (not) —-> P (not)

51
Q

Contrapositive of P and Q —–> R

A

R (not) —-> P (not) or Q (not)

52
Q

Contrapositive of P or Q —–> R

A

R (not) —-> P (not) and Q (not)

53
Q

Positive Argument Structure

A

P: X —-> Y

P: “X”
__________

C: “Y”

54
Q

Contrapositive Argument Structure

A

P: X —–> Y

P: “Y” (not)
_________

C: “X” (not)

55
Q

Incorrect Negation Argument Structure

A

P: X —-> Y

P: “X” (not)
__________

C: “Y” (not)

(Invalid)

56
Q

Incorrect Reversal Argument Structure

A

P: X —-> Y

P: “Y”
__________

C: “X”

(Invalid)

57
Q

3 Common Permutations of the Transitive Property

A

P: A —–> B P: A —–> B P: A —–> B

P: B —–> C P: C —–> D P: C —-> D

P: C —–> D P: B —–> C

P: C (not) —–> B (not)
___________ __________ _________

C: A —–> D C: A —–> D C: A —-> D

58
Q

The If Formula

A

The part of the statement that is introduced by if constitutes the sufficient condition. The rest of the statement constitutes the necessary condition.

59
Q

The If Formula

A

If the lake freezes, then the swans will
migrate

      		       LF -----> SM
60
Q

The If Formula

A

The president will not be reelected if the economy does not improve.
EI —–> PR

61
Q

The Temporal Version of If

A

When

62
Q

The Spacial Version of If

A

Where

63
Q

The Only If Formula

A
  • The part of the statement that is introduced by only if constitutes the necessary condition. The other part of the statement constitutes the sufficient condition.
64
Q

You can access the network only if you a valid password

A

AN —–> VP

65
Q

Only if you are physically fit can you become a firefighter

A

BF —-> PF

66
Q

Temporal Version of Only If

A

Only When

67
Q

The Spatial Version of Only If

A

Only Where

68
Q

The phrase the only always introduces a ________________

A

sufficient condition

69
Q

The All Formula

A
  • The part of the statement that is introduced by all constitutes the sufficient, the other part of the statement constitutes the necessary condition. The All Formula always applies to statements that begin with all.
70
Q

All Vertebrates have Backbones

A

V —-> B

71
Q

Functional equivalents to All

A

Each, Every, Any

72
Q

The No Formula

A
  • The part of the statement that is introduced by no constitutes the sufficient. The negation of the other part of the statement constitutes the necessary condition. The No Formula always applies to statements that begin with no.
73
Q

No Reptiles are warm-blooded

A

R —-> WB (not)

74
Q

No reptiles are warm-blooded means the same thing as _________

A

All reptiles are not warm-blooded

75
Q

Functionally equivalent of No

A

none

76
Q

The Unless formula

A
  • The part of the statement that is introduced by unless constitutes the necessary. The negation of the other part of the statement constitutes the sufficient condition.
77
Q

The boat will Sink unless we repair the Hull

A

BS (not) —-> RH

78
Q

Unless the players work together, the team cannot win the competition

A

PWT —–> WC

79
Q

The Not Both Formula

A

One of the variables (it does not mater which one) constitutes the sufficient condition. The negation of the other variable constitutes the necessary condition

80
Q

Julian cannot be in both London and Paris at the same time

A

P —-> L (not)

81
Q

The expression “not both” implies that at least one of two given variables must be ABSENT

A

1) Julian is in London and Paris (Impossible)
2) Julian is in London but not in Paris (Impossible)
3) Julian is not in London but in Paris (Impossible)
4) Julian is in neither London nor Paris (Impossible)

82
Q

The Either/Or Formula

A

The negation of one of the variables (it does not matter which one) constitutes the sufficient condition. The other variable consitutes the necessary consition

83
Q

Either Burgess or Ellis will join the chess club

A

B (not) —-> E

84
Q

The Expression “either… or” implies that at least one of two given variables must be present

A

1) Both Burgess and Ellis join the chess club (Possible)
2) Burgess joins the chess club but Ellis does not (Possible)
3) Burgess does not joib the chess club but Ellis does (Possible)
4) Neither Burgess nor Ellis joins the chess club (Possible)

85
Q

A is taller than B and shorter than C

A

C > A > B

86
Q

If A > B and B > C, then

A

A > B > C

87
Q

If C > D and D > E, then

A

C > D > E

88
Q

If A > B >C and if C > D > E, then

A

A > B > C > D > E

89
Q

If A > B and C > B, then

A

A
> B
C

90
Q

If A > B and A > C, then

A

B
A >
C

LSAT (4 decks)

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