Lesson 1 Flashcards
anencephaly
a condition in which a baby is born with just a brainstem
anterior definiton
towards the front
autonomic nervous system
innervates internal organs; not under voluntary control; comprised of parasympathetic and sympathetic branches; aka “visceral peripheral nervous system”
behavioral neuroscience
connecting behaviors to neural function
brainstem
most inferior part of them brain; connects brain to spinal cord; contains 12 nerves that relay information between the brain and body; involved in vital function regulations
caudal
towards the rear
central nervous sytem
includes the brain and spinal cord
cerebellum
posterior and inferior to cerebrum; 10% of brain’s total volume but 50% of brains total neurons; split into 2 hemispheres; involved in smooth coordinated movement control, voluntary movement, balance posture; also involved in cognitive, affective and behavioral changes is psychiatric conditions; ipsilateral control
cerebrum
physically biggest part of brain; contralateral control
cognitive neuroscience
the study of the highest level of mental functions
congenital
present at birth
contralateral
when a structure is on the opposite side of the reference point
coronal plane
divides a structure perpendicular to its longitudinal axis creating front and back halves; can also be called “transverse plane”
cross section
term applied to transverse sections of the spinal cord and brain stem
decomposition of movement
a disorder related to cerebellar function which casues poorly coordinated and executed movement
distal
farther from a reference point
dorsal
towards the top; also can use “superior”
dysdiadochokinesia
a disorder related to cerebellar function which casues the inability to rapidly alternate movements (i.e. quickly saying buttercup)
frontal lobe
most anterior part of the brain; involved in planning ahead, prediction, programming for an individual’s needs, articulation of speech, discrete movements of the body; made up of three areas- motor area, premotor area and prefrontal area
horizontal plane
divides a structure parallel with the earths’ horizon creating a top and bottom half
in vivo
refers to the person being alive during the procedure
inferior
towards the bottom; also can use “ventral”
intention tremor
a disorder related to cerebellar function which casues a tremor in a hand when someone reaches for something
ipsilateral
when a structure is on the same side as a reference point
lateral
when a structure is farther from the midline of the body
medial
when a structure is closer to the midline of the body
median plane
divides a structure along its longitudinal axis into left and right halves; can also be called “midline plane”
midline plane
divides a structure along its longitudinal axis into left and right halves; can also be called “median plane”
network science
the study of the coordination of brain functions into the systems of the body
occipital lobe
posterior part of brain; involved in visual information processing
parasympathetic nervous system
part of our autonomic nervous system or visceral PNS; restorative system which brings us back to a state of “rest and digest”
parietal lobe
superior to temporal lobe, posterior to frontal lobe; involved in reading, taste, pain, temperature, touch and pressure
peripheral nervous system
includes cranial nerves that innervate the face and neck and spinal nerves that connect the brain with the body for movement and sensation; divided into somatic and visceral systems
posterior
toward the rear; also can use “caudal”
proximal
closer to a reference point
rostral
towards the front; also can use “anterior”
sagittal plane
runs parallel to the median plane
somatic peripheral nervous system
includes both motor and sensory spinal nerves; movement is under voluntary control
superior
towards the top; also can use “dorsal”
sympathetic nervous system
part of our autonomic nervous system or visceral PNS; engages our “fight or flight” response
temporal lobe
inferior to the frontal, parietal and occipital lobes; involved in hearing, memory processing, integration of multiple sensory functions
transverse plane
divides a structure perpendicular to its longitudinal axis creating front and back halves; can also be called “coronal plane”
ventral
towards the bottom; also can use “inferior”
ventricles
hollow spaces in the brain
visceral peripheral nervous system
innervates internal organs and is not under voluntary control; comprised of parasympathetic and sympathetic branches; also called the “autonomic nervous system”
