Lesson 1-3, Chapter 1-3 Flashcards
EMS Systems
What does EMS stand for?
Emergency Medical Services
What is the purpose of Quality Improvement (QI) in EMS?
To assess and improve the quality of patient care continuously
What is the primary purpose of prehospital care?
To stabilize and prepare patients for transport to care facilities/hospital
What factors can influence the outcome of a patient’s survival in an emergency?
Bystander care, response time, prehospital care, and emergency department care
What was the original primary role of EMS
Transportation
Much of prehospital emergent care that is delivered by a paramedic can be attributed which two pioneering visionaries?
Dr. Peter Safar
Dr. Nancy Caroline
Prehospital patient care decisions should be based on what?
EMS research
Which document was created by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) that outlines the skills performed by EMS providers?
National EMS Scope of Practice Model
What is an Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT)?
An individual who has training in advance life support (example: intravenous therapy and emergency medication administration)
What is community paramedicine?
A healthcare model where experienced paramedics receive advanced training to provide additional services in prehospital care
What are services provided by community paramedicine?
Health Evaluations, Monitoring of Chronic illnesses, and patient advocacy
The first use of an ambulance took place where in 1487?
Siege of Malaga
What are the three components of wellness?
Physical, Mental, and Emotional
What are common stressors in EMS?
Frequent Flyers, Combative and Belligerent patients, patient un-aliving, and patient disabilities
What is a stress event?
an event that can present as unpleasant mild or intense
What is a stressor?
triggers that cause a stress and a bodily reaction
What type of stress is positive and creates the motivation to achieve?
Eustress
What type of stress is negative, overwhelming and debilitating?
Distress
What are the two types of stress?
Eustress and Distress
What are the ways infectious diseases are transmitted?
Direct contact
Indirect Contact
Airborne
Foodborne
Vector-borne (parasite, bacteria, virus)
What is contact transmission?
the movement of one organism from one person to another through physical touch
What are the 5 stages of Developing prevention?
1)Conduct a Community
Assessment
2)Define problem
set goals and objects
that are measurable
3)Plan and test
interventions
4) implement and evaluate those interventions
What is the primary focus of public health?
A) Treating Diseases
B) Preventing disease
and promoting good
health
C) Conducting Research
D) Emergency response
B) preventing disease and promoting good health
What is injury prevention?
Actions taken to prevent injuries from occurring, including education, enforcement, engineering, and economic incentives
What type of disease is spread from one person to another?
Communicable disease
Name the three ways a communicable disease is spread
Contact with blood and/or bodily fluids
Breathing in an airborne virus
Being bitten by an insect
What is the difference between communicable diseases and infectious diseases?
All communicable disease are infections, but not all infectious diseases are communicable (example: tetanus)
What type of injury occurs without the intent to cause harm, and is often referred to as an accident?
unintentional injury
What are risk factors?
characteristics or conditions that increase the likelihood of individuals experiencing a disease or injury
What type of illness is a long-term health condition that requires ongoing monitoring or treatment, lasting more than one year?
chronic illness
What type of illness is a sudden onset of illness that typically requires immediate attention and may affect a large group of people?
Acute Illness
What is the difference between primary and secondary prevention?
Primary prevention: actions aimed at preventing the occurrence of injury or illness before it happens
secondary prevention: actions that take place after an injury or illness occurs to prevent complications or worsening condition
True or False:
Unintentional injuries account for the majority of injuries in all age groups.
True
What is the difference between a chronic illness and an acute illness?
chronic: long-term, lasting more than one year, ongoing treatment ( example: diabetes)
acute: sudden, short-term (example: flu)
What are the four “E”s of preventions?
A) Education
B) Enforcement
C) Engineering
D) Economic Incentives
What is the definition of public health?
the practice of preventing disease and promoting good health within groups of people
What are the two types of injuries?
Intentional injuries
Unintentional injuries
What is an unintentional injury?
An injury that occurs without the intent to cause harm, commonly referred to as an accident
What does prevention education look like?
informing people about potential dangers and persuading them to change their behavior
What does prevention enforcement look like?
Changing laws, regulations, or environmental conditions to promote safety
Changing the design of products to offers automatic, unconscious protection is what type of prevention?
Engineering (example: kid proof lid on medicine bottles)
What is the Haddon Matrix?
a framework created by Dr. William Haddon Jr aimed at understanding and preventing injuries and organizing them into a matrix that considers: host, agent, environment and time.
What are the different phases of an injury event?
1) pre-event
2) event
3) post-event
What are the four influencing factors in the Haddon matrix?
1)Host
2)Agent(Energy)
3)Physical Environment
4)Social Environment
Who the host in the Haddon Matrix?
the person at risk of injury
What are example of the agent of injury in the Haddon Matrix?
the object or substance that causes the injury
Types:
mechanical
thermal
electrical
biologic
chemical
What the two different types of environment in the Haddon matrix?
Physical environment: setting that the injury occurs
Social environment: sociocultural and legal norm of the community (religious, cultural)
What is the importance of the Haddon Matrix?
provides EMS professionals with a framework to analyze and understand factors leading to injuries, which helps identify risk factors and potential interventions
What is medical Direction?
the oversight and guidance provided by medical professionals in an EMS environment to ensure high-quality patient care
What type of medical care is provided to patients before they arrive at the hospital?
prehospital care
What is scene safety?
the assessment of risks and hazards at the scene of an emergency to ensure the safety of responders and patients
What type of disease is a medical conditions caused by harmful organism entering and multiplying in the body?
Infectious disease
What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment
Gear worn to minimize exposure to hazards that may cause injury or illness (examples: gloves, mask, gown)
What types of stress builds up over time and can become overwhelming and lead to physical or mental health issues
cumulative stress
What is the term used to describe a patient who repeatedly requests emergency medical services for non-emergency situations
Frequent Flyer
What is burnout?
A state of emotional, physical and mental exhaustion cause by prolonged and excessive stress
can lead to medical conditions such as heart disease, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, insomnia and depression
What is the primary goal of an EMS provider?
A)Transportation
B)Scene Management
C)Prehospital Care
D)All the Above
D) All the Above
True or False:
Cumulative stress only result from significant events, not from daily stressors.
False
What are the 5 stages of grief?
1) Denial
2) Anger
3) Bargaining
4) Depression
5) Acceptance
Why is scene safety critical to EMS providers?
It ensures the safety of responders and patients, preventing further injury or complications.
How should EMS providers handle exposure to potentially infectious materials?
Wash affect area immediately, seek medical evaluation, and report incident per protocol
What is the name of the system that provides emergency medical care and transportation to individuals experiencing a medical emergency?
Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
What the process through which emergency responses are coordinated, including sending EMS personnel to the scene of an emergency?
Dispatch
What is bystander care?
assistance given by individuals at he scene of an emergency before professional medical help arrives
What is the term used to describe the ongoing efforts to improve EMS services by analyzing performance and implementing changes based on data?
Quality Improvement (QI)
The first recoded used of an ambulance occurred during the siege of Malaga in which year?
1487
Who is known as the “father of paramedicine” in the context of EMS development?
Dr. Eugene Nagel
When was the 911 system we known today developed?
1968
What role does the medical director play in an EMS system?
they oversee the medical protocols and ensure training and quality of care.
What term is used to describe any injury or un-aliving that is self-inflicted or perpetuated by another person?
Intentional injury
What is the process in which a person, institution, or program is evaluated and recognized for meeting predetermined standards to provide safe and ethical care?
Certification
What is the process called that grants licensure or certification to an EMS provider from another state or agency?
Reciprocity
In the context of EMS, what is registration?
an EMS provider’s records of education, state or local licensure, and recertification that is help by a recognized board
The first US based ambulance service was used at Bellevue Hospital, NY in ____.
1869 (horse drawn)
The first automobile ambulance was used in _____ by Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, Illinois.
1899
What year did the US Department of Transportation (DOT) develop the first National Standard Curriculum for paramedics?
1977
When was emergency medicine acknowledged as its own medical branch by the American Medical Association?
1975
Barron Dominique-Jean Larrey established prehospital triage and transport in ________.
1800
The Phoenix Fire Department developed an EMS service similar to today in ________.
1926
Helicopters were first used as transport during the Korean War in _______.
1951, Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (MASH)
True or False:
Mouth to mouth was invented by Drs. James Elan & Peter Safar in 1956.
True
The portable defibrillator was not developed until ______ by Frank Pantridge.
What is “the White Paper”?
report published in 1966 that made several recommendations for the prevention and management of accidental, traumatic injuries, including the standardization of emergency training for “rescue squad personnel, policemen, firemen, and ambulance attendants”
What are the four levels of EMS training and licensure?
1) Emergency Medical
Responder (EMR)
2) Emergency Medical
Technician (EMT)
3) Advanced Emergency
Medical Technician
(AEMT)
4) Paramedic
What is licensure?
how states control who is allowed to particpate as health care providers
What are three primary areas of Human Error in EMS?
skilled based failure
rule-based failure
knowledge-based failure
What are the the key components of communication when dealing with a hostile patient?
1) Listen more and talk
less
2) concentrate on
deescalating the
situation
3)Show empathy
4) Don’t argue or ridicule
What you do in the event of a lightning strike?
Remove yourself from elevated areas (the lower you are the less chance of being struck)
place a nonconductive object under your feet and get to your car if you can
Why are children more susceptible to injury?
children have thinner skin, small airways, and head proportionally larger compared to their bodies, and less ability to protect themselves from harm
