Lesson 1-3

Question 1

List the 6 scientists, in the correct order who had contributions to the atom.

D, A, JD,JJT,ER,BR

Answer 1

1.Democritus
2.Aristotle
3.John Dalton
4.J.J Thompson
5.Ernest Rutherford
6.Bohr-Rutherford

Question 2

What was Democritus’s theory?

Answer 2

Matter is made up of “atomos’ that could not be divided indefinitly.

Question 3

What was Aristotle’s theory?

Answer 3

He modifed an earlier theory thta matter was made of four “elements” thereby delaying science

Question 4

What was J.D’s theory?

4 points

Answer 4

1.All matter is made of atoms.
2.Atoms of an element are identical.
3.Each element has different atoms.
4.Atoms of different elements combine in constant ratios to form compounds.

Question 5

Who am I?

I discovered electrons by doing an experiment using a cathode ray and some electrodes.

Answer 5

J.J Thompson

Question 6

Who am I?

I discovered protons and nucleous by bombarding a sheet of gold foil with a stream of alpha (positive) particles.

Answer 6

Ernest Rutherford

Question 7

Who am I?

I discovered orbitals/shells by observing how energy (heat) reacted with light and colour.

Answer 7

Bohr-Rutherford

Question 8

What is the atomic number?

Answer 8

Its at the top of the symbol of the element. It is the number of protons in that element.

Question 9

What is the difference between atomic mass and mass number?

Answer 9

Atomic mass= average mass of the atom (what is on the periodic table)
Mass number=calculated by rounding the atomic mass to the nearest whole number

Question 10

True or False and why

number of Protons= number of neutrons

Answer 10

FALSE because #protons=#electrons

Question 11

How do you find the subatomic particle: neutrons?

Answer 11

Mass number - #protons = #neutrons

protons also just means atomic number

Question 12

Who organized the periodic table and how?

3 points

Answer 12

Dimitri Mendeleev, to classify the elements based on their properties: 1.periods and groups 2.solids,liquids and gases 3. metals, non-metals and metalloids

Question 13

Period vs group?

Answer 13

Periods (horizontal row) indicates the number of shells/orbitals in an atom.
Groups ( vertical column) indicates the number of valence electrons. (electrons that exist on the outermost shell)

Question 14

List the chemical families in the order they would be found in.

Answer 14

1.Alkali metals
2.Alkalines earth metals
3.Halogens
4.Noble/inert gases

Question 15

What are the characteristics of Alkali metals?

4 points

Answer 15

1. React violently when in contact with water (form a base/alkali)
2. Only exist within a compound due to their high reactivity.
3. Soft metals with low melting points.
4. Excellent conductors of heat & electricity

Question 16

What are the characteristics of Alkaline earth metals?

5 points

Answer 16

1.Grey metallic solids (often rocks)
2.Excellent conductors of heat & electricity
3.Harder in consistency than alkali metals
4.Less violent reactions than alkali metals
5.Similar chemical behaviour as alakli metals

Question 17

What are the characteristics of Halogens?

5 points

Answer 17

1.MOST reactif/toxic non-metal (therefore only exist as compounds)
2.Found as either solids, liquids or gases
3.Combine with alkali metals to form salts (halogen = “saltmaker”)
4.Very colourful
5.Form strong acids when combined with hydrogen (ex. HCl)

Question 18

What are the characteristics of Noble/Inert gases?

4 points

Answer 18

1.Exceptionally stable (= non-reactive, chemically inert)
2.Colourless in their natural state
3.Emit characteristic colours when in vaccuum tubes (ex. Neon)
4.They all are gases

Question 19

Who am I?

I am found on the left of the staircase.

Answer 19

METALS

Question 20

who am I?

I am found on the right of the staircase?

Answer 20

NON-METALS

Question 21

who am I?

I am found along the staircase.

Answer 21

METALLOIDS

Question 22

Explain the difference between a metal and a non-metal.

Answer 22

A metal can conduct heat and electricity, it is shiny and malleable. While a non-metal does NOT conduct heat and electricity, is not shiny and is brittle.

Question 23

Describe a metalloid.

Answer 23

Is a combination of properties of metals and non-metals.

Question 24

What is found on the shells of an atom and what is found in the nucleous?

Answer 24

Shells= e-
Nucleous= p+ and n*

Question 25

How do you draw differently the Bohr-Rutherford model vs the Simplified Atomic model?

Answer 25

The simplified Atomic model is drawn with half shells and you also write the n* inside the nuclueus

Question 26

What is 2, 8, 8, 2 mean?

Answer 26

Amount of electrons that should be found on the orbitals.

Question 27

fill in the blank

Atomic number increases by a constant rate across a BLANK. Atomic mass increases across a period, but not at a BLANK.

Answer 27

period, constant rate

Question 28

fill in the blank

The atomic radius BLANK across a period
The atomic radius BLANK down a family

Answer 28

decreases, increases

Question 29

fill in the blank

The ionization energy BLANK across a period.
The ionization energy BLANK down a family.

Answer 29

increases, decreases

Question 30

fill in the blank

The electronegativity BLANK across a period.
The electronegativity BLANK down a family.

Answer 30

increases, decreases

Question 31

What is ionization energy?

Answer 31

The amount of energy neede to completely emove and electron from a neutral atom.

Question 32

What is electronegativity?

Answer 32

The force of attraction between an atom’s nucleus and its e-.

Question 33

What peaks in the middle of the Periodic table?

Answer 33

Density, melting point and boiling point.
Increases moving left to right across the metals.