Lesson 1 - 3 Flashcards
An __________ is the large set of inter-related production, consumption, and exchange activities that aid in determining how scarce resources are allocated.
economy
Etymology of economy
Greek “Oikos” House; “Nemein” Manage;
Oikonomia - Household Management
Transaction between two socially equal parties having the same status with regards to values of goods or services.
Reciprocity
Who is the Sahlins’ Typology from?
Anthropologist Marshall Sahlins
What are the three forms of reciprocity?
General Reciprocity, Balanced Reciprocity, Negative Reciprocity
What is the order of sectors in the Sahlins’ Typology?
House, Lineage Sector, Village Sector, Tribal Sector, Inter-tribal Sector
The ________ Reciprocity is the primary group.
- It is the inner most circle, House.
- There is no certain value.
- It is mostly about favors.
General Reciprocity
The ________ Reciprocity is on the Village Sector.
- It is based on act.
- What you give is what you get.
Balanced Reciprocity
The ________ Reciprocity is on the Inter-tribal Sector.
- There is no balance.
Negative Reciprocity
It is the redistribution of income that is not matched by actual exchange of goods and services.
Transfers
In this economic institution, you don’t expect returns or donations. It is one-way.
Transfers
The modifications of the holdings of particular persons, collective agents, or groups, or changes in holdings by groups.
Redistribution
In this economic institution, transfer can happen inside of it.
Redistribution
It is the exchange of goods and services through a market, where buyers and sellers agreed on the price and quantity of goods and services to be bought and sold in a specific time and place.
Market Transaction
What are the 7 types of markets?
Physical Market
Non Physical/Virtual Market
Auction Market
Black Market
Market for Intermediate Goods
Knowledge Market
Financial Market
Type of market. Buyers physically meet the sellers and purchases the desired merchandise in exchange of money.
Physical Market
Type of market. Buyers purchase goods and services through internet.
Virtual Market
Type of market. Sellers sells his goods to one who is the highest bidder.
Auction Market
Type of market. A setup where illegal goods like drugs and weapons are sold
Black Market
Type of market. Markets sell raw materials required for the final production of other goods.
Market for Intermediate Goods
Type of market. Which deals in the exchange of information and knowledge based products.
Knowledge Market
Type of market. Dealing with exchange of liquid assets.
Financial Market
What are the 3 types of financial market.
Stock Market, Bond Market, Foreign Exchange Market
Type of financial market. By stocks/shares from one company. Doing so means that you are a shareholder of the company. High risks, High returns.
Stock Market
Type of financial market. From government funds, usually offered by the government. Low risks, Low returns.
Bond Market
Type of financial market. Institution for the exchange of one country’s currency with that of another country. High risks, High returns.
Foreign Exchange Market
Market & State. an economic ideology that advocates for a classless society in which all property and wealth are communally-owned, instead of by individuals.
Communism
Market & State. It is an ideal state that no one has yet achieved. CUBA had almost done so. There is no private owner, everything is communal.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Communism
Market & State. the means of production, distribution, and exchange are owned by the community as a whole rather than private individual.
Socialism
Market & State. To achieve a communist state, this is the first part. The factors of production are controlled by the government.
Socialism
Market & State. An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Capitalism
Market & State. It is usually seen and perceived as a immoral act because it enslaves the workers.
Capitalism
__________ is a form of communism developed by Mao Zedong.
Maoism
Some countries such as Finland and Switzerland are both _____________ and _________ countries.
Capitalist & Socialist
What is another term for non-state institutions?
Non-state actors
It is broadly defined as international actors who are largely or completely autonomous from the state, emanating from civil society, market economy or political opportunities.
Non-state institutions (Non-state actors)
Some non-state institutions may still be handled by the ____________.
Government
It is a financial institution that receives deposits from the public and generates credit.
Banks
What is the central bank of the Republic of the Philippines?
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP)
The ______ of the Philippines along with other government members has discussed before appointing the head of the BSP.
President
What are the functions of BSP?
- It is the only bank that can produce money (permitted by the gov.)
- Regulate/monitor the banks in the Philippines
It is a legal unit that is distinct from its owners. Moreover, a __________ has the right to enter contracts, loan and borrow money, hire employees, own assets, and pay taxes.
Corporation
In a corporation there are multiple _____________, multiple ___________.
“Multiple companies, multiple business”
Examples of corporation and their group of subsidiary.
Guide: Ayala Corp., SM Investments Corp., JFC
Ayala Corp. - AyalaLand (ALI), Ayala Malls, BPI, Globe
SM Investments Corp. - SM Development Corporation (SMDC), SM Supermarket, Banco De Oro (BDO), Goldilocks, 2GO
JFC - Chowking, Mang Inasal, Greenwich, Red Ribbon, Jollibee
A corporation may act as an “________” kasi sila ang gumagastos at sila ang may land, loan, etc. at hindi ang investors o nagmamayari.
Entity
Ito ang bayad sa utang ng corporation in case of needs. It is a property or other assets that a business can use to secure a loan.
Business Collateral
Are SSS, Pag-IBIG, and PhilHealth under government companies?
YES
These are jointly owned enterprises engaging in the production or distribution of goods or services. __________ are usually operated by farmers or consumers for their mutual benefit.
Cooperatives
This refers to the distribution of earnings (often quarterly) by a cooperative/corporation to its shareholders.
Dividends (Dibidendo)
In _________, you may apply loan even if you are not a member of it. In ___________, you cannot.
Banks, Cooperatives
These consist of workforces who have come together to attain mutual goals like protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, achieving higher pay and benefits like health care, and retirement. Also called _________.
Trade unions or Labor unions
These groups are involved in social advocacy to promote principal causes, ideas, and values. Their goal is to give the powerless a voice in the domestic and international law-making body.
Ex. about women’s rights or deforestation
Transnational Advocacy Groups
It is a voluntary group of individuals or organizations, usually not affiliated with any government, that is formed to provide services or to advocate a public policy.
Nongovernmental organization (NGO)
These are independent organizations whose goals are to help develop and support economic growth especially for the poor and marginal portion of the society. So, they may have opportunities for income and decent employment.
Development Agencies
These are agencies na pwedeng lumapit sa NGO for help.
Development Agencies
These are not-for-profit voluntary associations operating at the international, transnational, or global level, with members or participants from many countries. Ex. Red Cross
International nongovernmental organizations (INGOs)
There are two functions in education.
Manifest function and Latent function
It refers to the idea that a citizen may create opportunities to become productive which contributes to the betterment of the community.
Productive Citizenry
A person is described as this (a.) if what they do may help and contribute to other people, otherwise they are known as (b.)
a. Productive Citizen
b. Good Citizen
In the ________ function of education, the only act is learning and emotions are not considered.
Manifest
In the _________ function of education, the acts considered are anything other than learning yet we still do it for its positive effects.
Latent
This idea refers to the fact that kung alin yung marami ang nagbebenefit, that is what you do or act on.
Utilitarianism
What are the 5 layers of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (+ the 6th layer)
Physiological Needs, Safety Needs, Belongingness and Love Needs, Esteem Needs, Self-Actualization | Transcendence
Hierarchy of Needs. The basic needs for physical survival including food, water, livable environment, clothing, and shelter.
Physiological Needs - Layer I
Hierarchy of Needs. Feeling and being safe from harm from family members, strangers, or occupational hazards, and in health.
Safety Needs - Layer II
Hierarchy of Needs. this to families, school communities, etc. and this from family, friends, significant other, and sense of connection.
Belongingness and Love Needs - Layer III
Hierarchy of Needs. Respect from others and for self, pride, status, recognition, strength, freedom, and honor.
Esteem Needs - Layer IV
Hierarchy of Needs. Living to your highest potential and the desire to become the most that one can be. Being reflective and mindful of your thoughts.
Self-actualization - Layer V
Hierarchy of Needs. Fulfillment. Going beyond and always saying and doing the right things. Your sense of meaning.
Transcendence or Self-Transcendence - Layer VI
Hierarchy of Needs. Abraham Lincoln have achieved this level of need.
Self-actualization - Layer V
Hierarchy of Needs. Only Buddha (Siddhartha Gautama) has achieved this level of need.
Transcendence - Layer VI
Who created the hierarchy of needs?
Abraham Maslow
Law for the right to education.
The 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines - Article XIV
Etymology of Religion
“Re” Again “Ligare” To connect
Some would say that God is these 3 ideas.
All Powerful (Omnipotent)
All Knowing (Omniscient)
All Good (Omnibenevolent)
+ Omnitemporal (nowhere and everywhere), Omnipresent (God is in the past, present, future)
“Religion is not faith, it is __________”
Culture
Religion. The natural world and its parts has a soul/spirit. Give 2 examples.
Animism; Jainism, Shintoism
Religion. Many God/Deity. Give Examples.
Polytheism; Hinduism, (Greek, Romans, Egypt gods)
What is the oldest religion?
Hinduism
Religion. One God. Give examples.
Monotheism; Christianity, Islam, Judaism
It is a systematically arranged and formally established religion.
Institutionalized Religion
An example of institutionalized religion:
Mainstream Christianity as it had (for ex.) an hierarchy of The Catholic Church.
Who are the Laity in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church?
The believers, the followers, or the catholics.
Difference of archbishops and bishops.
Archbishops overlook a larger area or land while bishops overlook smaller cities or places.
This is the process of interacting with the divine and is guided by written rules and regulation.
Codified Rituals (such as Baptism i think)
Separation of Church and State Act.
1987 Philippine Constitution Article III Section V
________ is unprovable, which makes it, from a philosophical perspective, not valuable.
Faith
Who said that “Religion answers all the unanswered questions of human existence”?
Emile Durkheim
Philosophy of Religion is Not:
- Believing whatever your parents taught you
- The study of the bible
The diagram thingy for theist and atheist.
__________God Exist_____God Doesn’t Exist
Theist _______/ ________________—-
Atheist ______X________________—–
He offered a reason for believing in God (based on the diagram). Even if God’s existence is unlikely, the potential benefit of believing are so vast as the make betting on theism RATIONAL or CONVENIENT.
Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662)
What did philosophers argue based on Blaise Pascal’s wager?
They mention that it would mean people will and currently believes in God only for convenience and benefit and NOT because of actual faith.
