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Coal Mining > Lesson 1 & 2: Introduction to Coal Mining > Flashcards

Lesson 1 & 2: Introduction to Coal Mining Flashcards

1
Q

What naturally occurring inorganic substance can be mined for profit?

A

Ore – A naturally occurring inorganic substance that can be mined at a profit.

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2
Q

What is the term for organic remains formed from plant material buried and partially oxidized?

A

Coal – Organic remains formed from plant material buried and partially oxidized.

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3
Q

What measures 81 hectares in coal mining?

A

Coal Block – Measures 81 hectares in coal mining.

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4
Q

What is the waste material derived from the combustion of coal called?

A

Coal Ash – Toxic waste material derived from coal combustion.

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5
Q

What is the arrangement or deposition of sedimentary materials in layers called?

A

Stratification – The arrangement or deposition of sedimentary materials in layers.

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6
Q

What term refers to rocks or sediments composed of transported fragments like sandstone and shale?

A

Clastic Material – Rocks or sediments composed of transported fragments like sandstone and shale.

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7
Q

What is the process called where coal is formed through diagenesis and metamorphism?

A

Coalification – The formation of coal through diagenesis and metamorphism.

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8
Q

What is the term for a thin sedimentary layer following the separation between different strata?

A

Parting – A thin sedimentary layer following the separation between different strata.

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9
Q

What term refers to coal that has been purified and processed for industrial use?

A

Clean Coal – Coal that has been purified and processed for industrial use.

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10
Q

What is the heating value of coal typically expressed in?

A

British Thermal Unit (BTU) – The unit used to express the heating value of coal.

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11
Q

What type of coal has a calorific value of over 15,000 BTU/lb?

A

Anthracite – Coal type with a calorific value over 15,000 BTU/lb.

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12
Q

What type of coal is categorized below 4,000 BTU/lb in terms of calorific value?

A

Peat – Coal type categorized below 4,000 BTU/lb in terms of calorific value.

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13
Q

What physical property of coal is defined by its resistance to grinding and pulverization?

A

Grindability – A physical property determining the ease of pulverizing coal.

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14
Q

What chemical process refers to the formation of coal from plant material?

A

Coalification – The chemical process that forms coal from plant material.

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15
Q

What specific gravity value is associated with bituminous coal?

A

1.32 – The specific gravity value associated with bituminous coal.

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16
Q

What factor affecting coal quality is determined by the original plant material?

A

Vegetal Origin – A factor affecting coal quality based on the original plant material.

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17
Q

Which type of coal contains the highest amount of carbon and is the hardest?

A

Anthracite – The hardest coal with the highest carbon content.

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18
Q

What is the term for drilling holes to collect subsurface samples for laboratory analysis?

A

Exploration Drilling – Drilling holes to collect subsurface samples for analysis.

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19
Q

What type of drilling system uses water or air to cool the drill bit and flush out rock cuttings?

A

Rotary Drilling – A system that uses water or air to cool the drill bit and flush rock cuttings.

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20
Q

What is the exploration phase where initial wide-spaced drilling occurs and preliminary feasibility studies are run?

A

Phase III – Exploration phase involving initial wide-spaced drilling and preliminary feasibility studies.

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21
Q

What mining method typically has a recovery factor between 50-80% in deep mining operations?

A

Conventional Mining – A deep mining method with a recovery factor between 50-80%.

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22
Q

What mining method is characterized by a long horizontal face and has a recovery rate of about 70%?

A

Longwall Method – A mining method characterized by a long horizontal face and a 70% recovery rate.

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23
Q

What formula is used to calculate the in-place tons of a coal deposit?

A

In-place tons = C x A x 1359 x SG – Formula to calculate in-place tons of a coal deposit.

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24
Q

What core drilling method uses a double-tube core barrel, with an inner tube to hold the core and outer tube to rotate the drill bit?

A

Conventional Core Drilling – A method using a double-tube core barrel for retrieving core samples.

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25
Q

What type of drilling involves a rotary system where rock chips are obtained from the cuttings?

A

Rotary Drilling – Drilling where rock chips (cuttings) are obtained from the action of the bit.

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26
Q

What are the two main geologic processes involved in coal formation?

A

Diagenesis and Metamorphism – The two main geologic processes involved in coal formation.

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27
Q

What type of environment is necessary for coal to form from accumulated plant material?

A

Swamp or Marsh Environment – The necessary environment for coal formation from accumulated plant material.

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28
Q

What geologic structure is essential for preventing bacterial decay of organic matter during coal formation?

A

Rapid Accumulation and Water Saturation – Essential for preventing bacterial decay during coal formation.

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29
Q

What two types of rock formations are commonly found in coal-bearing areas?

A

Sandstone and Shale – Two common rock types found in coal-bearing areas.

30
Q

What term is used for coal beds that are divided by layers of waste material?

A

Parting – Thin layers of waste material that divide coal beds.

31
Q

What is the term for a coal seam that is exposed and mined by surface methods?

A

Coal Pit – A surface mine where coal is mined by open-pit methods.

32
Q

What is the impact of erosion on the coal formation process?

A

Erosion – The geologic factor that can remove or reduce coal deposits.

33
Q

What type of faulting can create conditions for coal seam formation?

A

Faulting – A geologic structure that can create conditions for coal seam formation.

34
Q

What was one of the earliest known uses of coal in human history (over 1,100 years before the Christian era)?

A

China (1,100 years before the Christian era) – Earliest known use of coal for cooking and heating.

35
Q

During what major event did coal usage significantly expand, especially in industries like steel manufacturing?

A

The Industrial Revolution – The event during which coal usage significantly expanded.

36
Q

What power generation method began to rely heavily on coal by the 1880s?

A

Power Generation (1880s) – The method that began relying heavily on coal.

37
Q

What industry, besides power generation, uses coal as a primary energy source, particularly for heating and electricity?

A

Cement Manufacturing – An industry besides power generation that uses coal for energy.

38
Q

What type of manufacturing uses coal to produce materials used in road construction?

A

Cement Manufacturing – Uses coal in road construction material production.

39
Q

Which element in coal, when burned, produces energy but can also contribute to air pollution?

A

Carbon – The element in coal that burns to produce energy but contributes to air pollution.

40
Q

What is the main purpose of conducting a feasibility study during coal exploration?

A

To determine the economic viability and potential of the coal deposit – Main purpose of a feasibility study.

41
Q

What core drilling method is preferred when time is a critical factor, allowing retrieval of the core without removing the entire rod assembly?

A

Wireline Core Drilling – A core drilling method allowing retrieval of samples without removing the entire assembly.

42
Q

What is the measure of the heat produced by the combustion of coal called?

A

Calorific Value – The measure of heat produced by the combustion of coal.

43
Q

What physical property of coal describes its tendency to break down when exposed to weathering?

A

Weathering – The physical property describing coal’s tendency to break down when exposed to weather.

44
Q

What drilling method is ideal for softer formations and uses wireline systems to retrieve core samples?

A

Wireline Core Drilling – The preferred method in softer formations to retrieve samples efficiently.

45
Q

What geotechnical data is essential to confirm the minability of a coal deposit?

A

Minability Data – Geotechnical data essential to confirm the viability of mining operations.

46
Q

What type of logging examines geological samples and provides crucial data on coal seams?

A

Logging – The process of examining geological samples from boreholes or cores.

47
Q

What calculation accounts for both mining and preparation recovery to estimate clean recoverable coal?

A

Clean Recoverable Coal – The calculated result of mining and preparation recovery factors applied to in-place coal.

48
Q

Which method is used for high-precision sampling of coal beds to establish a quality parameter field average?

A

Channel Sampling – The method used for precision sampling of coal beds to establish quality averages.

49
Q

What factor in coal quality affects the ash melting temperature during combustion?

A

Ash Melting Temperature – A coal quality factor affecting combustion efficiency.

50
Q

What drilling fluid is typically used to flush cuttings to the surface during rotary drilling?

A

Air or Water – The most common drilling fluids used in rotary drilling to flush cuttings.

51
Q

What type of coal exploration drilling technique is most effective in rough terrain conditions?

A

Rotary Drilling – A method effective in rough terrain conditions for coal exploration.

52
Q

What byproduct of coal combustion is considered toxic and has serious environmental risks?

A

Coal Ash – A byproduct of coal combustion considered toxic and environmentally harmful.

53
Q

What environmental factor must be monitored during coal mining to prevent dangerous gas emissions?

A

Methane Levels – The environmental factor that must be monitored to prevent gas emissions during mining.

54
Q

What is the term for the method used to release methane from coal seams during mining operations?

A

Degasification – The process used to release methane gas from coal seams during mining.

55
Q

What type of drilling system is commonly used to assess the hydrological conditions of coal seams?

A

Exploration Drilling – A system used to assess hydrological conditions in coal seams.

56
Q

What gas, found in coal seams, poses a serious explosion risk in underground coal mining operations?

A

Methane – The gas found in coal seams that poses an explosion risk in underground mining.

57
Q

What water source issues need to be evaluated during coal exploration, especially in arid regions?

A

Groundwater – A critical water source issue evaluated during coal exploration.

58
Q

What environmental risk does coal mining pose to local water tables and aquatic ecosystems?

A

Water Contamination – A major environmental risk posed by coal mining to aquatic ecosystems.

59
Q

What equipment is used in mining to detect gas leaks or dangerous emissions in underground coal seams?

A

Gas Monitors – Equipment used to detect gas leaks or dangerous emissions in coal seams.

60
Q

What is the specific gravity of anthracite coal?

A

1.47 – Specific gravity of anthracite coal.

61
Q

If a coal seam is 120 inches thick, located on a 500-hectare property, and 85% of it is minable, what is the in-place tonnage of the coal?

A

22,163,387 tons – In-place tonnage for a 500-hectare property with a 120-inch thick coal seam.

62
Q

How do you calculate the total clean recoverable coal if the mining recovery factor is 85% and processing recovery is 88%?

A

2,791,845.20 tons – Total clean recoverable coal if mining recovery is 85% and processing recovery is 88%.

63
Q

Given a seam with a thickness of 96 inches, 400 acres of coal property, and 60% of the seam being bituminous, what is the in-place tonnage of bituminous coal?

A

4,018,291.20 tons – In-place tonnage for bituminous coal on a 400-acre property with a 96-inch thick seam.

64
Q

What is the clean recoverable coal tonnage for sub-bituminous coal if the processing recovery is 90% and mining recovery is 70%?

A

10,685 tons – Clean recoverable sub-bituminous coal with 70% mining recovery and 90% processing recovery.

65
Q

What alternative fuel is being researched to replace coal in power plants, and how does it compare in terms of carbon emissions?

A

Natural Gas or Biomass – An alternative fuel to coal with lower carbon emissions.

66
Q

What is the term for the process in which carbon dioxide is captured from the atmosphere and stored underground in coal beds?

A

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) – The process of capturing CO₂ from the atmosphere and storing it underground.

67
Q

What is the “clean coal” technology that involves burning coal with oxygen to create a more efficient combustion process?

A

Oxy-fuel Combustion – A clean coal technology that burns coal with oxygen to increase efficiency.

68
Q

Which international agreement sets limits on greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants?

A

The Paris Agreement – The international treaty that sets limits on greenhouse gas emissions from power plants.

69
Q

What renewable energy sources are being explored to reduce dependency on coal in industrial applications?

A

Solar, Wind, and Hydropower – Renewable energy sources being explored to reduce coal dependency.

70
Q

What is the name of the process that converts coal into liquid fuels for use in transportation industries?

A

Coal Liquefaction – The process of converting coal into liquid fuels for transportation.

Coal Mining (10 decks)

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