LESSON 1&2 Flashcards by Nicole A.

Q

is the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis. It aims to understand the principles governing the universe and applies logical reasoning to explain natural phenomena.

A

Science

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Q

all about applying scientific knowledge, tools, and techniques to solve problems and improve human life.

A

Technology

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Q

Science, in a general perspective, is the systematic study of the natural world through ____________, ______________, and ________. It aims to understand the principles governing the universe and applies logical reasoning to explain natural phenomena.

A

observation, experimentation, and analysis

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Q

Technology is all about applying _________________, _______, and ___________ to solve problems and improve human life.

A

scientific knowledge, tools, and techniques

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Q

refers to a group of individuals who share a common culture, institutions, and way of life.

A

Society

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Q

is an interdisciplinary field that explores the interactions between scientific knowledge, technological advancements, and social structures.

A

Science, Technology, and Society

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Q

Father of Science

A

Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

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Q

He contributed to logic, observation and the systematic study of nature. He laid the foundation for many scientific fields, including biology, physics, and astronomy.

A

Aristotle (384-322 BCE)

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Q

Considered as the father of biology and zoology

A

Aristotle

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Q

Aristotle developed a classification system based on ______________________, distinguishing between animals with and without blood (analogous to vertebrates and invertebrates).

A

shared characteristics

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Q

Aristotle observed _________________, ___________, and _________, documenting his findings in works like Historia Animalium.

A

animal behavior, reproduction, and anatomy

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Q

Aristotle observed animal behavior, reproduction, and anatomy, documenting his findings in works like __________________.

A

Historia Animalium

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Q

What are the relationships of science and technology?

A

• Science leads to Technology
• Technology advances Science
• Mutual Growth
• Applications in everyday life
• Innovation and Problem-solving

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Q

Relationship of Science and Technology

Scientific discoveries often lay the foundation for technological advancements.

A

Science leads to Technology

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Q

Relationship of Science and Technology

Example: The discovery of electricity led to the development of electric power and appliances.

A

Science leads to Technology

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Q

Relationship of Science and Technology

New technologies help scientists conduct experiments and make discoveries.

A

Technology advances science

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Q

Relationship of Science and Technology

Example: The invention of the microscope enabled biologists to study cells, leading to breakthroughs in medicine.

A

Technology advances science

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Q

Relationship of Science and Technology

As science progresses, it provides new knowledge that engineers and inventors use to create better technology. Conversely, new technology allows for more precise and advanced scientific research.

A

Mutual Growth

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Q

Relationship of Science and Technology

Scientific principles are applied in technological solutions (e.g., physics in car engines, chemistry in drug development).

A

Applications in everyday life

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Q

Relationship of Science and Technology

Technologies developed for one purpose often find unexpected scientific applications (e.g., AI in medical research).

A

Applications in everyday life

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Q

Relationship of Science and Technology

Science seeks to understand natural phenomena, while technology applies that understanding to solve practical problems.

A

Innovation and problem-solving

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Q

Relationship of Science and Technology

Example: Climate science studies global warming, leading to technological innovations in renewable energy.

A

Innovation and problem-solving

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Q

What are the main concepts of science, technology, and society

A

THE CO-PRODUCTION OF SCIENCE AND SOCIETY
ETHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY
RISK, UNCERTAINTY, AND INNOVATION
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN POLICY AND GOVERNANCE
SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
DIGITAL REVOLUTION AND INFORMATION SOCIETY
EQUITY, INCLUSION, AND ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY
PUBLIC PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION OF SCIENCE

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Q

Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society

Science and technology do not develop in isolation but are shaped by societal needs, values, and politics.

A

THE CO-PRODUCTION OF SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

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**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** Social, ethical, and political factors influence the direction of scientific research and technological development.

THE CO-PRODUCTION OF SCIENCE AND SOCIETY

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** Every technological advancement brings ethical dilemmas and social consequences.

ETHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** Issues such as privacy, surveillance, artificial intelligence, and genetic engineering raise moral and ethical concerns.

ETHICAL AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGY

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** Scientific and technological advances come with risks (e.g., environmental issues, health concerns, cybersecurity threats).

RISK, UNCERTAINTY, AND INNOVATION

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** Society must balance innovation with precautionary measures to avoid unintended consequences.

RISK, UNCERTAINTY, AND INNOVATION

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** Governments play a role in funding, regulating, and promoting scientific research and technological advancements.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN POLICY AND GOVERNANCE

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** Public policies influence technological adoption, research priorities, and ethical considerations.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN POLICY AND GOVERNANCE

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** - The impact of science and technology on the environment is a key concern (e.g., climate change, renewable energy, waste management). - Sustainable technology and green innovations are critical for long-term societal progress.

SUSTAINABILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** The rise of the internet, artificial intelligence, and big data has transformed communication, work, and education.

DIGITAL REVOLUTION AND THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** Issues such as digital divide, data privacy, and misinformation are major challenges in the digital era.

DIGITAL REVOLUTION AND THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** - Scientific and technological developments should be accessible to all, reducing disparities between different social groups. - Ethical concerns include who benefits from technology and who is left behind.

EQUITY, INCLUSION, AND ACCESS TO TECHNOLOGY

**Main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society** - How science is communicated and perceived affects public trust and decision-making. - Misinformation, pseudoscience, and skepticism impact the effectiveness of science in society.

PUBLIC PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION OF SCIENCE

OVERVIEW ABOUT THE FATHERS OF SCIENCE IN DIFFERENT FIELDS

1. GENERAL SCIENCE 2. SCIENTIFIC METHOD 3. PHYSICS 4. CHEMISTRY 5. EARTH SCIENCES 6. ASTRONOMY AND COSMOLOGY 7. BIOLOGY AND LIFE SCIENCE 8. MEDICINE AND HUMAN SCIENCE 9. MODERN AND APPLIED SCIENCES

[GENERAL SCIENCE] Considered the first philosopher-scientist, focusing on natural explanations.

**Thales of Miletus (c. 624–546 BCE)**

[GENERAL SCIENCE] Father of natural science, biology, and early scientific thought.

**Aristotle (384–322 BCE)**

[SCIENTIFIC METHOD] Early advocate of experimental science.

**Roger Bacon (c. 1219–1292)**

[SCIENTIFIC METHOD] Father of the modern scientific method.

**Francis Bacon (1561–1626)**

[PHYSICS] Father of modern physics, observational astronomy, and kinematics.

**Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)**

[PHYSICS] Father of classical mechanics and gravitation.

**Isaac Newton (1643–1727)**

[PHYSICS] Father of modern physics (theory of relativity and quantum mechanics).

**Albert Einstein (1879–1955)**

[ CHEMISTRY] Father of modern chemistry, discovered the role of oxygen in combustion.

**Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794)**

[CHEMISTRY] Father of modern experimental chemistry.

**Robert Boyle (1627–1691)**

[EARTH SCIENCES] Father of modern geology

**James Hutton (1726–1797)**

EARTH SCIENCES Father of continental drift theory.

**Alfred Wegener (1880–1930)** -

[ASTRONOMY AND COSMOLOGY] Father of geocentric astronomy.

**Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100–170)**

[ASTRONOMY AND COSMOLOGY] Father of heliocentrism (sun centered model of the solar system).

**Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)**

[ASTRONOMY AND COSMOLOGY] Father of planetary motion.

**Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)**

[BIOLOGY AND LIFE SCIENCES] Father of taxonomy and classification.

**Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778)**

[BIOLOGY AND LIFE SCIENCES] Father of evolution by natural selection.

**Charles Darwin (1809–1882)**

[BIOLOGY AND LIFE SCIENCE] Father of genetics

**Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)**

[MEDICINE AND HUMAN SCIENCE] Father of medicine.

**Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BCE)**

[MEDICINE AND HUMAN SCIENCE] Father of modern human anatomy.

**Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564)**

[MEDICINE AND HUMAN SCIENCE] Father of microbiology and germ theory.

**Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)**

[MODERN AND APPLIED SCIENCES] Father of computer science and artificial intelligence.

**Alan Turing (1912–1954)**

[MODERN AND APPLIED SCIENCES] Father of electrical engineering and AC power.

**Nikola Tesla (1856–1943)**

[MODERN AND APPLIED SCIENCES] Father of modern computing and game theory.

**John von Neumann (1903–1957)**

Science and technology (S&T) in the Philippines have played a crucial role in the country's development, particularly in agriculture, industry, health, and disaster preparedness.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Science and technology (S&T) in the Philippines have played a crucial role in the country's development, particularly in ___________, _________, ________, and ___________________________.

agriculture, industry, health, and disaster preparedness

**SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES** The government, through institutions like the _______________________________________, has been spearheading research and innovations to improve various sectors.

Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

What are the areas of science and technology in the Philippines

1. Rice Research 2. Health and Medicine 3. Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science 4. Space Science and Technology 5. Information Technology and Digital Transformation 6. Renewable Energy and Sustainability 7. Manufacturing and Industry

**Rice Research** The ___________________________________, based in Laguna, has developed high-yield and climate-resistant rice varieties.

International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

**Rice Research** What is Philrice?

Philippine Rice Research Institute

- Works on rice farming innovations, mechanization, and sustainable farming practices. - Biotechnology in Farming - Development of Golden Rice (Vitamin A-enriched) and other genetically modified crops to improve food security.

Rice Research

**Health and Medicine** Pharmaceutical Research: The ______________________________________________________ promotes herbal medicine research.

Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC)

**Health and Medicine** Locally made diagnostic kits like ____________, a COVID-19 RT-PCR test kit, were developed by Filipino scientists.

GenAmplify

- Entertainment and Creativity - Pharmaceutical Research: The Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) promotes herbal medicine research.

Health and Medicine

**Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science** What is project NOAH?

Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards)

Government agency when it comes to disaster preparedness and information

DOST-PAGASA

- Medical Devices and Innovations - Locally made diagnostic kits like GenAmplify, a COVID-19 RT-PCR test kit, were developed by Filipino scientists.

Health and Medicine

- Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards) - A disaster management program using real-time data and satellite imaging to predict floods and typhoons. - DOST-PAGASA

Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science

- Dengue Vaccine - Filipino scientists have been involved in the research and monitoring of vaccines for tropical diseases.

Health and Medicine

- Develops weather forecasting models and early warning systems. - GeoRisk PH - A platform that maps earthquake and disaster-prone areas to enhance disaster preparedness.

Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science

**Space Science and Technology** What is PhilSA?

The Philippine Space Agency

- Diwata and Maya Satellites - The Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) has launched satellites for environmental monitoring and disaster response.

Space Science and Technology

What are the two satellites in the Philippines?

Diwata and Maya Satellites

- Typhoon and Disaster Monitoring - Satellites are used for real-time data on natural disasters, agricultural planning, and resource management.

Space Science and Technology

**Information Technology and Digital Transformation** Growth in fintech, e-commerce, and artificial intelligence startups supported by ______ and ________________________________.

DOST, DICT (Department of Information and Communication Technology)

**Information Technology and Digital Transformation** Laws like the __________________________________ protect citizens’ digital information.

Data Privacy Act of 2012

- E-Government - Initiatives like DigiGov and online services for passports, licenses, and transactions are improving government efficiency.

Information Technology and Digital Transformation

- Startup Ecosystem - Growth in fintech, e-commerce, and artificial intelligence startups supported by DOST and DICT (Department of Information and Communications Technology). - Cybersecurity and Data Privacy - Laws like the Data Privacy Act of 2012 protect citizens’ digital information.

Information Technology and Digital Transformation

- Solar and Wind Power - Investments in solar farms and wind energy projects, especially in Ilocos Norte and Rizal. - Geothermal Energy

Renewable Energy and Sustainability

**Renewable Energy and Sustainability** The Philippines is one of the world's top producers of _______________.

geothermal power

- Waste-to-Energy Projects - Initiatives that convert biodegradable waste into biofuels and other energy sources.

Renewable Energy and Sustainability

- Semiconductor and Electronics - The Philippines is a global hub for semiconductor assembly and testing. - 3D Printing and Robotics

Manufacturing and Industry

- Used in manufacturing, healthcare, and prototyping. - Balik Scientist Program - Encourages Filipino scientists abroad to return and contribute to local research and industry

Manufacturing and Industry

What are the challenges in science and technology?

1. Limited Funding for Research and Development (R&D) 2. Brain Drain and Lack of Skilled Workforce 3. Weak Industry-Academic Linkages 4. Slow Adoption of Emerging Technologies 5. Infrastructure and Technological Gaps 6. Regulatory and Bureaucratic Hurdles 7. Climate Change and Environmental Concerns 8. Low Public Awareness and STEM Education Issues

The country allocates a small percentage of its GDP to R&D, lagging behind other ASEAN nations. Many researchers and institutions struggle with inadequate financial support for projects.

Limited Funding for Research and Development (R&D)

Many Filipino scientists and engineers seek better opportunities abroad due to higher salaries and better research facilities. There is a shortage of highly skilled professionals in specialized fields like AI, biotechnology, and advanced engineering.

Brain Drain and Lack of Skilled Workforce

Collaboration between universities and industries is not strong enough to commercialize innovations. Many research outputs remain theoretical and are not translated into practical applications.

Weak Industry-Academic Linkages

Industries and government agencies are slow in integrating modern technologies like artificial intelligence, automation, and renewable energy. There is a digital divide, with many rural areas lacking access to high-speed internet and modern digital infrastructure.

Slow Adoption of Emerging Technologies

Many research institutions lack state-of-the-art laboratories and equipment. Limited technology transfer from developed nations hinders growth in innovation.

Infrastructure and Technological Gaps

Complex government regulations and slow processing times discourage technological startups and foreign investors. Innovation policies need to be more streamlined and supportive of entrepreneurship.

Regulatory and Bureaucratic Hurdles

The Philippines is highly vulnerable to climate change, requiring advanced science-based solutions for disaster risk reduction and environmental sustainability. There is a need for stronger investments in green technologies, renewable energy, and climate-resilient infrastructure.

Climate Change and Environmental Concerns

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education needs improvement, with outdated curricula and a lack of qualified teachers. Many students are not encouraged to pursue careers in S&T, limiting the future talent pool.

Low Public Awareness and STEM Education Issues

**Climate Change and Environmental Concerns** The Philippines is highly vulnerable to climate change, requiring advanced science-based solutions for disaster risk reduction and environmental sustainability. There is a need for stronger investments in _________________, _________________, and _____________________________

green technologies, renewable energy, and climate-resilient infrastructure.

**Regulatory and Bureaucratic Hurdles** Complex government regulations and slow processing times discourage _____________________________ and __________________________. Innovation policies need to be more streamlined and supportive of entrepreneurship.

technological startups and foreign investors.

**Infrastructure and Technological Gaps** Many research institutions lack _____________________ _____________ and _______________. Limited technology transfer from developed nations hinders growth in innovation.

state-of-the-art laboratories and equipment

What are the possible solutions to challenges in science and technology?

- Increase government and private sector investment in R&D. - Strengthen incentives to retain local scientists and attract Filipino experts abroad. - Enhance industry-academic partnerships to commercialize research. - Improve STEM education and digital literacy programs. - Modernize infrastructure and facilitate easier startup incubation.

[Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science] A disaster management program using real-time data and satellite imaging to predict floods and typhoons.

Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards)

[Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science] A platform that maps earthquake and disaster-prone areas to enhance disaster preparedness.

GeoRisk PH

[Information Technology and Digital Transformation] Initiatives like DigiGov and online services for passports, licenses, and transactions are improving government efficiency.

E-Government

[Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science] Develops weather forecasting models and early warning systems.

DOST-PAGASA

What does DOST-PAGASA stands for?

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration.

Under Rice Research

1. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) 2. Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) 3. Biotechnology in Farming

[Rice Research] Works on rice farming innovations, mechanization, and sustainable farming practices.

Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)

[Rice Research] Development of Golden Rice (Vitamin A-enriched) and other genetically modified crops to improve food security.

Biotechnology in Farming

Under Health and Medicine:

1. Entertainment and Creativity 2. Medical Devices and Innovations 3. Dengue Vaccine

[Health and Medicine] Pharmaceutical Research: The Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) promotes herbal medicine research.

1. Entertainment and Creativity

[Health and Medicine] Locally made diagnostic kits like GenAmplify, a COVID-19 RT-PCR test kit, were developed by Filipino scientists.

Medical Devices and Innovations

[Health and Medicine] Filipino scientists have been involved in the research and monitoring of vaccines for tropical diseases.

Dengue Vaccine

Under Disaster and Preparedness and Climate Science:

1. Project NOAH 2. DOST-PAGASA 3. GeoRiskPH

Under Space Science and Technology:

1.Diwata and Maya Satellites 2. Typhoon and Disaster Monitoring

[Space Science and Technology] The Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) has launched satellites for environmental monitoring and disaster response.

Diwata and Maya Satellites

[Space Science and Technology] Satellites are used for real-time data on natural disasters, agricultural planning, and resource management.

Typhoon and Disaster Monitoring

Under Information Technology and Digital Transformation:

1. E-Government 2. Startup Ecosystem 3. Cybersecurity and Data Privacy

[Information Technology and Digital Transformation] Growth in fintech, e-commerce, and artificial intelligence startups supported by DOST and DICT (Department of Information and Communications Technology).

Startup Ecosystem

[Information Technology and Digital Transformation] Laws like the Data Privacy Act of 2012 protect citizens’ digital information.

Cybersecurity and Data Privacy

Under Renewable Energy and Sustainability:

1. Solar and Wind Power 2. Geothermal Energy 3. Waste-to-Energy Projects

[Renewable Energy and Sustainability] Investments in solar farms and wind energy projects, especially in Ilocos Norte and Rizal.

Solar and Wind Power

[Renewable Energy and Sustainability] The Philippines is one of the world's top producers of geothermal power.

Geothermal Energy

[Renewable Energy and Sustainability] Initiatives that convert biodegradable waste into biofuels and other energy sources.

Waste-to-Energy Projects

Under manufacturing and Industry:

1. Semiconductor and Electronics 2. 3D Printing and Robotics 3. Balik Scientist Program

[Manufacturing and Industry] The Philippines is a global hub for semiconductor assembly and testing.

Semiconductor and Electronics

[Manufacturing and Industry] Used in manufacturing, healthcare, and prototyping.

3D Printing and Robotics

[Manufacturing and Industry] Encourages Filipino scientists abroad to return and contribute to local research and industry.

Balik Scientist Program