Lesson 1-2 Flashcards
Mechanization, steam power, weaving loom
Industry 1.0 (1784)
Mass production, assembly line, electrical energy
Industry 2.0 (1870)
Automation, computers, and electronics
Industry 3.0 (1969)
The first wave of the Industrial Revolution lasted from the late
1700s to the mid-1800s.
Industry 1.0 – Steam Engine
Cyber-Physical Systems, internet of things, networks
Industry 4.0 (TODAY)
It industrialized the manufacture of
textiles and began the move of
production from homes to
factories.
Industry 1.0 – Steam Engine
Steam power and the cotton gin played an important role in this period.
Industry 1.0 – Steam Engine
Effects of Industry 1.0 to the community
Cultural Changes
Transportation
Working Conditions
Industry 2.0 saw the beginning of
telecommunications, the assembly line revolutionized work in factories and the first automobiles could be produced.
Industry 2.0 – Telecommunications
and electronics
Transport also developed further – air and sea transport made it possible to travel across continents.
Industry 2.0 – Telecommunications
and electronics
Since that time, Germany has developed into one of the largest industrial powers in the world. Its successes revolutionized not only industry, but many other areas.
Industry 2.0 – Telecommunications
and electronics
These developments were the first steps towards globalization – significant for us to this day.
Industry 2.0 – Telecommunications
and electronics
Industry 3.0 was shaped by computers and automation and represents the fast pace of life and information technology.
Industry 3.0 – Computers
The rapid advancement of computer technology made it possible to use PCs in the home or office for the first time.
Industry 3.0 – Computers
For example, home computers
replaced typewriters, which were used in Industry 2.0. The age brought a turnaround in the world of work.
Industry 3.0 – Computers
In Industry 3.0, too, human work was increasingly taken over by machines
Industry 3.0 – Computers
Industry 4.0 is revolutionizing the way companies manufacture, improve and distribute their products.
Industry 4.0 – Internet of Things
Manufacturers are integrating new technologies, including Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing and analytics, and AI and machine learning into their production facilities and throughout their operations.
Industry 4.0 – Internet of Things
The origins of robotics and the first robots contain diverse names and dates, but there has always been the same common goal:
to prevent humans from performing the heaviest, most dangerous and tedious tasks.
Each joint is called an _____ and provides an additional degree of freedom, or range of motion.
axis
Do you know the meaning of the word ‘robot’?
Etymologically, the term comes from the Czech word robota meaning ‘forced labor’
It was used for the first time, 100 years ago now, in a play by the author of the same nationality,
Karel Capek
This play entitled ___________ was premiered in 1921 and was a great success all over the world, leaving without knowing it, a word that would last forever.
‘RUR (Rossum’s Universal Robots)’
designed in 1966 by the Standford Research Institute, stands out as an important milestone for mobile robotics.
The Shakey robot
This robot design features rotary joints and can range from simple two joint structures to 10 or more joints. The arm is connected to the base with a twisting joint. The links in the arm are connected by rotary joints.
Articulated Robot
It was at the end of the _________ when considerably more advanced robotic arms appeared in which cameras or sensors were already used.
1960s and in the 1970s
Industrial robots commonly have
four or six axes.
was the world’s first mobile robot, thanks to software and hardware that allowed it to perceive and understand the environment, albeit in a limited way.
The Shakey robot
Although the first industrial robots were created in the United States, in the 1980s and 1990s they were already being developed in some European and Asian countries, mainly in
Japan and Sweden.
Some of the advantages that AI brings to industrial robotics are:
Increased accuracy
Improved decision making (especially in the face of obstacles).
Predictive maintenance
Automation is a field in constant change, so sometimes it is difficult for some companies to start the path to a smart factory
The robot has at least one rotary joint at the base and at least one prismatic joint to connect the links. The rotary joint uses a rotational motion along the joint axis, while the prismatic joint moves in a linear motion. It operate within a cylindrical-shaped work envelope.
Cylindrical Robot
A connection between two objects that allows relative motion along a single axis
PRISMATIC OR LINEAR JOINT
A freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation
ROTARY OR REVOLUTE JOINT
Common Types of Industrial Robots
Articulated
Cartesian
Cylindrical
Polar
SCARA
Delta
These are also called rectilinear or gantry robots. Cartesian robots have three linear joints that use the Cartesian coordinate system (X, Y, and Z). They also may have an attached wrist to allow for rotational movement. The three prismatic joints deliver a linear motion along the axis.
Cartesian Robot
Also called spherical robots, in this configuration the arm is connected to the base with a twisting joint and a combination of two rotary joints and one linear joint. The axes form a polar coordinate system and create a spherical-shaped work envelope.
Polar Robot
Commonly used in assembly applications, this selectively compliant arm for robotic assembly is primarily cylindrical in design. It features two parallel joints that provide compliance in one selected plane.
SCARA Robot
These spider-like robots are built from jointed parallelograms connected to a common base. The parallelograms move a single EOAT (End-of-arm-tool) in a dome-shaped work area. Heavily used in the food, pharmaceutical, and electronic industries, this robot configuration is capable of delicate, precise movement.
Delta Robot
Robot Components
Actuators
Sensors
Controller
Link
Joint
End-Effector
Manipulator
It acts as the muscles to change their configuration. It provide power to act on the mechanical structure against gravity, inertia, and other external forces to modify the geometric location of the robot’s hand. It can be of electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic type and have to be controllable.
Actuators
Sensors can be used to detect changes in pressure, force, temperature, or other process conditions. They can also be used as inspection devices to verify that processes have been done correctly or that parts are present. Cameras are very popular to use as a means of inspecting products for conformity and process completion; they are also used in conjunction with software for reading barcodes and color identification.
Inspection and Verification
The elements used for detecting and collecting information about internal and environmental states. Joint position, velocity, acceleration, and force are the most important information to be sensed. When integrated into the robot, send information about each link and joint to the control unit, and the control unit determines the configuration of the robot
Sensors
Consists of collecting and processing the information provided by the robot’s sensor. Consists of planning the geometric motion of the robot structure. Consists of organizing the information between the robot and its environment.
Controller
The individual rigid bodies that make up a robot. It is a rigid member that may have relative motion with respect to all it. From the kinematic point of view, two or more members connected together such that no relative motion can occur among them are considered of it.
Link
A connection between two objects that allows relative motion along a single axis.
PRISMATIC OR LINEAR JOINT
It is the part mounted on the last link to do the required job of the robot. It is the tool that actually performs the work. A great deal of research is devoted to the design of special purpose of it and tools.
End-effector
A freely moving joint in which movement is limited to rotation
ROTARY OR REVOLUTE JOINT
There are several types of end effectors that are used to carry out industrial automation tasks, including grippers, magnets, and vacuum heads.
Automation
3 Categories of End-effectors
Automation
Process
Inspection and Verification
The next type of end effector category is process. This refers to devices that are used in specific manufacturing processes, including welding and painting. There are many different types of processes which can fall into this category, five popular processes for end effectors include weld tooling, drill or cutting tools, brushes, screwdrivers, adhesive dispensing, and paint spray guns. As you’ve probably guessed, the type of end effector you need will be based on the process that your robot is performing.
Process
R║P├P
Cylindrical
The main body of a robot consisting of the links, joints, and other structural elements.
Manipulator
is a kind of drawing that is used in robotics to find the equations we need to control our robot manipulator.
A ‘Kinematic Diagram’
R├R ├ R
Articulated
P├P├P
Cartesian
R├R├ P
Polar
R║R║P
SCARA
