Lesson 1-2

Question 1

What is Genetics?

Answer 1

is the field of biology devoted to understanding
how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring.

Question 2

The founder of Genetics

Answer 2

Gregor Johann Mendel

Question 3

Gregor Mendel’s History

Answer 3

In 1843, at the age of 21, Gregor Mendel, entered a monastery in Brunn, Austria. His task of tending the garden gave him time to think and to observe the growth of many plants. In 1851, he entered the University of Vienna to study science and mathematics. His mathematics courses included training in the then-new field of statistics. Mendel’s knowledge of statistics later proved valuable in his research on heredity—the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring.

Question 4

Mendel’s Garden Peas

Answer 4

Mendel observed seven characteristics of pea plants.

1-Plant height (traits: long and short),

2- Flower position along stem (traits: axial and terminal),

3- Pod color (traits: green and yellow)

4- Pod appearance (traits: inflated and constricted)

5- Seed texture (traits: round and wrinkled)

6- Seed color (traits: yellow and green)

7- Flower color (traits: purple and white).

Question 5

Parts of the flower: (4)

Answer 5

1- Stigma: sticky part to trap pollen grains.

2- Style: tube that connects the stigma to the ovary.

3- Ovary: organ that makes eggs or ova.

4- Egg cell (ovule or ova): female sex cell.

Question 6

Pistil

Answer 6

Female reproductive part of the flower

Question 7

Stamen

Answer 7

male reproductive part of the flower

Question 8

male reproductive part of the flower: (2)

Answer 8

1- Anther: holds pollen grains (sperm cells).

2- Filament: thread-like structure that holds the anther.

Question 9

Accessory flower parts: (3)

Answer 9

1- Petals: fragrant colorful part that attracts pollinators.

2- Sepal: leaf-like part that protects the flower bud.

3- Receptacle: base of the flower that attaches the flower to the stalk.

Question 10

IMPORTANT!!!!!!!!!

Answer 10

*** The fertilized egg cells becomes the seed.

*** The ripen ovary becomes the fruit.

Pea plants normally reproduce through self-pollination.

Question 11

Pollination

Answer 11

occurs when pollen grains produced in the male reproductive parts of a flower, called the anthers, are transferred to the female reproductive part of a flower, called the stigma.

Question 12

Self-Pollination

Answer 12

occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower on the same plant.

Question 13

Cross-pollination

Answer 13

occurs between flowers of two plants.

Question 14

MENDEL’S EXPERIMENTS

Answer 14

He began by growing plants that were true-breeding for each trait

Question 15

true-breeding

Answer 15

Plants that are true-breeding, or pure, for a trait always produce offspring with that trait when they self-pollinate.

Question 16

P generation.

Answer 16

He called the true-breeding parents the P generation.

Question 17

He called the offspring of the P generation the first filial generation, or

Answer 17

F1 generation

He then allowed the flowers from the F1 generation to self-pollinate and collected the seeds.

Question 18

Mendel called the plants in this generation the second filial generation, or

Answer 18

F2 generation

Question 19

Results of Mendel’s Experiment:

Answer 19

¾ Purple Flowers (Dominant Trait)

¼ White Flowers ( Recessive Trait)

Question 20

Heredity

Answer 20

the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring

Question 21

trait

Answer 21

is a genetically determined variant of a characteristic, such as yellow flower color

Question 22

Genetics

Answer 22

is the field of biology devoted to understanding
how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring.