Lesson 1 Flashcards
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* The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data
* Derived from the latin word , meaning “” or “_”
STATISTICS
* The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data
* Derived from the latin word STATUS, meaning “MANNER OF STANDING” or “POSITION”
- Is the branch of applied statistics that applies statistical methods to medical and biological problems
BIOSTATISTICS
- It refers to the measurement of biological data used for identification purposes
BIOMETRICS
_
* Study of diseases in population including their causes, spread, and control
* Based on the Greek word “” () and “” ()
EPIDEMIOLOGY
* Study of diseases in population including their causes, spread, and control
* Based on the Greek word “upon” (epi) and “people” (demos)
branches of biostatistics
Descriptive
Inferential
_
* Involves organizing, summarizing, and presentation of data
* Computation of _ and _
* _ and _ presentation
DESCRIPTIVE
* Involves organizing, summarizing, and presentation of data
* Computation of MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCIES and VARIABILITY
* TABULATION and GRAPHICAL presentation
_
* Involves using sample data to draw a conclusion about a population
* Methods of arriving at _ and _ about a _ _ based on _ from a sample
* Estimation of _ and _ _
INFERENTIAL
* Involves using sample data to draw a conclusion about a population
* Methods of arriving at CONCLUSIONS and GENERALIZATIONS about a TARGET POPULATION based on INFORMATION from a sample
* Estimation of parameters and hypotheses testing
in inferential, what are the 2 types of estimation? define each
Point estimate – exact
Interval estimate – range
what are the 2 types of descriptive statistics
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
what are the 2 types of inferential statistics
Hypothesis Testing
Regression Analysis
under descriptive statistics, what are the 3 types of measures of central tendency?
Mean
Median
Mode
under descriptive statistics, what are the 4 types of measures of dispersion?
Range
Standard Deviation
Variance
Absolute Deviation
the average or sum of all values divided by the number of values
Mean
the data is arranged in numbers
Median
the number that appears more often
Mode
the difference between the highest and lowest value
Range
tells how spread-out the numbers are from the average
Standard Deviation
measures how far each value is from the mean
Variance
measures how far each data point is from the central value; usually mean or median
Absolute Deviation
It involves using statistical method that summarize data & use statistical procedure to reach certain conclusion
statistics
uses of biostatistics in:
epidemiology
distribution and determinants of health
uses of biostatistics in:
demography
size
structure
composition
distribution of human population
uses of biostatistics in:
genetics and genomic
GENETICS
- heredity
GENOMIC
- genes and its function
uses of biostatistics in:
health economics
to know whether HCS (healthcare system) is function well
type of hypothesis testing that compares means of a samples in a population or two large samples
Z TEST
type of hypothesis testing that compares means of two groups when sample size is small
T TEST
type of hypothesis testing that compares variance of two or more groups
F TEST
a statistical method used to study the relationship between 2 variables
LINEAR REGRESSION
the target group or all members of the specified group
POPULATION
subset of population
SAMPLE
measurement of characteristic of the population
PARAMETER
value of characteristics that remain the same from person to person, time to time, or place to place
CONSTANT
characteristics that takes on different values and usually collected in research
VARIABLE
_ and _ are the major activities included in the science of biostatistics
DATA COLLECTION; PROCESSING
enumerate the types of data
according to source
according to functional relationship”
enumerate the types of data according to source
primary data
secondary data
enumerate the types of data according to functional relationship
dependent
independent
a type of data that is obtained by the firsthand investigator
primary data
type of data that are already existing and obtained by other people
Secondary Data
type of data that depends on several factors
Dependent
type of data that can stand alone
Independent
enumerate the scales/levels of measurement
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval Data
Ratio
scales/levels of measurements that simply used as names or identifiers of a category
Nominal
scales/levels of measurements that represents an ordered series of relationships and can be qualitative/quantitative
Ordinal
Does not have a true-zero value starting pointand always quantitative
INTERVAL DATA
- Fixed zero point
- Zero as a starting point
ratio
- __ classifies variables into categories which have a __ or _
- Ordinal data classifies variables into categories which have a natural order or rank
__ is measured along a numerical scale that has equal intervals between adjacent values
Interval data is measured along a numerical scale that has equal intervals between adjacent values
__ is measured along a numerical scale that has equal distances between adjacent values
Ratio data is measured along a numerical scale that has equal distances between adjacent values
- Systematic procedure to ensure that the information/data gathered are complete, consistent, and suitable for analysis
DATA PROCESSING
sequence of Data Processing Flowchart
Data collection → Data processing (coding, encoding, editing) → analysis
- Conversion of verbal/written information into numbers which can be more easily encoded, counted, and tabulated
DATA CODING
enumerate the types of coding
Field code
Bracket code
Factual code
type of coding that indicates the actual value or information given by the respondent
Field code
type of coding that is recorded as range of values rather than actual values
Bracket code
type of coding that codes are assigned to a list of categories of a given variable
Factual code
MS Access, MS Excel, and SPSS (IBM) is under what process
DATA ENCODING
enumerate the types of data editing
Field Editing
Central Editing
_
_ the accomplished data collection forms
_ of abbreviations or special symbols
Making callbacks/messages for verification/clarification of incomplete answers
Done during __
FIELD EDITING
* Reviewing the accomplished data collection forms
* Decoding of abbreviations or special symbols
* Making callbacks/messages for verification/clarification of incomplete answers
* Done during data collection
_
* Checking of _ and __ after receiving the questionnaire from the field
* Checking of _ data
* Done during _ and _ of the data
* Double-checked by the __
CENTRAL EDITING
* Checking of inconsistencies and incorrect entries after receiving the questionnaire from the field
* Checking of encoded data
* Done during encoding and checking of the data
* Double-checked by the data manager
