LESSON 1 Flashcards
What is Language?
A system consisting of phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon.
Language is the primary means of communication for humans.
How is language acquired?
Through a person’s environment and can be learned formally or informally.
Language learning may occur in educational institutions or through self-learning.
What does the term communication derive from?
The Latin word ‘communicare’ meaning ‘share with’ or ‘to make common’.
Define communication.
A common understanding involving a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening, and understanding.
What are the characteristics of communication as a process?
It is continuous, dynamic, and evolving.
What does communication as a system entail?
Made up of interrelated parts that affect one another.
What is a symbol in communication?
A tangible representation of something abstract.
What does communication involve regarding meanings?
Attaching meanings to symbols with the intent that the receiver shares the same meanings.
What are the two levels of meaning in communication?
- Content Level
- Relationship Level
What is verbal communication?
Uses language, both spoken and written, in communication.
What is non-verbal communication?
Does not use language but other modes such as body language and facial expressions.
What is visual communication?
Uses images to transfer messages and/or information.
What is intrapersonal communication?
Communication within oneself.
What is interpersonal communication?
Communication between one person to another.
What is organizational communication?
The role of communication in organizational contexts.
What is feedback in communication?
The response of the receiver to the message received.
What are the elements of communication?
- Context
- Sender
- Message
- Channel
- Noise
- Receiver
- Feedback
What does it mean that communication is transactional?
It has a give-and-take nature, involving an exchange.
What is the inevitability of communication?
It is impossible not to communicate as it is an indispensable part of life.
What does it mean that communication is irreversible?
Once a message is communicated, it cannot be taken back.
What is the ultimate goal of communication?
To gain understanding of each other.
What is cultural exchange in the context of globalization?
The ability for people from different parts of the world to connect, leading to greater cultural understanding and appreciation.
What is glocalization?
The interaction between global and local cultures, embracing both universal and local values.
What is virtual communication?
Exchange of information using technology-mediated channels.
What are core skills of an effective intercultural communicator?
- Ability to express culturally sensitive thoughts
- Ability to engage in local culture
- Ability to establish shared meanings
- Ability to develop language capacity
- Ability to empathize with locals
What is ethnocentrism?
The belief that a person’s culture is more dominant than others.
What does cultural sensitivity involve?
Awareness, knowledge, and appreciation of different cultural practices.
What is the first stage of the developmental model of cultural sensitivity?
Denial: People deny that cultural differences exist.
What is gender sensitivity?
Understanding societal and cultural factors involved in gender-based exclusion and discrimination.
What are gender-biased words?
Words that reflect a bias towards a particular gender.
What is the purpose of using gender-neutral language?
To avoid gender bias in communication.
What is Gender Sensitivity?
Gender sensitivity aims to understand and take into account the societal and cultural factors involved in gender-based exclusion and discrimination in the most diverse spheres of public and private life.
What are some guidelines for using Gender-Neutral Language?
- Use articles or determiners instead of third-person pronouns
- Use plural pronouns instead of singular pronouns
- Use either/or pronouns
- Use second person pronouns instead of third-person pronouns
- Use appropriate titles
What is Political Correctness?
Political correctness is used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society.
Fill in the blank: Gender sensitivity aims to understand and take into account the societal and cultural factors involved in _______.
gender-based exclusion and discrimination
What is a gender-biased term for ‘Chairman’?
Chair, chairperson, coordinator
What is a gender-neutral term for ‘Salesman’?
Salesperson
What is a gender-biased term for ‘Waitress’?
Server
What is a gender-neutral term for ‘Policeman’?
Police officer
What is a politically correct term for ‘Broken home or family’?
Dysfunctional family
What is a politically correct term for ‘Old’?
Elderly, senior
Fill in the blank: The term ‘Mankind’ can be replaced with _______.
People, human beings
What is a politically correct term for ‘Rape victim’?
Rape survivor
What is a politically correct term for ‘Fat’?
People of mass
What is a gender-biased term for ‘Fireman’?
Firefighter
What is a gender-neutral term for ‘Steward or stewardess’?
Flight attendant
What is a politically correct term for ‘Drug addict’?
Drug dependent
Fill in the blank: The term ‘Mental retardation’ is now referred to as _______.
Intellectual disability, intellectual developmental disorder
What is a politically correct term for ‘Dishonest’?
Ethically disoriented
What is a gender-biased term for ‘Businessman’?
Business executive
What is a politically correct term for ‘Crook’?
Morally challenged
What is a politically correct term for ‘Computer illiterate’?
Technologically challenged
What is a politically correct term for ‘Blind’?
Visually challenged
What is a gender-biased term for ‘Forefathers’?
Ancestors
What is a politically correct term for ‘Ugly’?
Aesthetically challenged
What is a politically correct term for ‘Squatters’?
Informal settlers
What is a politically correct term for ‘Short’?
Vertically challenged
