Lesson 1 - Flashcards
1
Q
Submission or yielding to the recommendations or will of others
A
Compliance
2
Q
Failure or refusal to comply
A
Noncompliance
3
Q
Commitment or attachment to a regimen
A
Adherence
4
Q
Observable behavior
Can be directly measured
In healthcare _____ is seen with an authoritative tone
A
Compliance
4
Q
A
5
Q
A
5
Q
A
6
Q
Practitioner = _____
Consumer = _____
A
- Authority
- Submissive
7
Q
Obedience or passive acceptance of the healthcare regimen
A
Compliance
8
Q
Support or commitment to a plan of care
A
Adherence
9
Q
Theories and models are used to explain compliance from a multidisciplinary approach that includes psychology and education:
A
- Biomedical history
- Behavioral / Social Learning
- Communication models
- Rational belief theory
- Self - Regulatory systems
10
Q
A
11
Q
This theory includes external factors based on an social environment that influences their behaviors
A
Behavioral / Social Learning theory
12
Q
communication between client and health care professional
A
Communication models
13
Q
Patients are the problem solvers , regulatory behavior based on perception of illness, cognitive skills, and past experiences affect planning and coping to illness
A
Self - regulatory systems
13
Q
A theory that clients decide to comply or not comply by weighing the benefits of treatment and the risks of disease through the use of cost-benefit logic
A
Rational belief theory
14
Q
Refers to an individual’s sense of responsibility for his behaviors and the extent to which motivation to take action originates from within self (internal) or is influenced by others (external)
A
Locus of control
15
Q
A type of locus control where the client is self-directed, they have their own control
A
Internal
16
Q
A
17
Q
A type of locus of control where the client influence by health outcomes , fate
A
External
18
Q
Nonsubmission or resistance of the individual to follow a prescribed, predetermined regimen
A
Noncompliance
19
Q
Noncomplaint behavior:
A
- Blaming
- Judgemental
- Disobedience
20
Q
People tend to make _____ for noncompliance, even if they have nothing to lose, which places client under unnecessary _____ and increases health care costs.
A
- unnecessary excuses
- increase health care cost
21
Q
Reasons for noncompliance:
A
- Knowledge
- Motivation
- Treatment factors
- Disease issues
- Lifestyle issues
- Sociodemographic factors
- Psychosocial variables
22
Noncompliant behavior could be _____ and prove beneficial in _____.
- desirable
- stressful situations
23
A psychological force that moves a person to take action in the direction of meeting a need or goal, evidenced by willingness or readiness to act.
Motivation
24
Factors that influence motivation can serve as incentives or obstacles to achieve desired behaviors
Motivational factors
25
Factors that influence motivation in the direction of the desired goal
Motivational incentives
26
27
Movement in the direction of meeting a need or toward reaching a goal
Implicit motivation
28
facilitator to reach desired goal and prevent delays
Health provider's role
29
Hierarchy of needs is by what theory?
Maslow's motivational theory
30
Complexity of the concept of motivation
Not all behavior is motivated
Maslow's motivational theory
31
5 Hierarchy of needs?
- Physiological
- Safety,
- Love/belonging
- self-esteem
- self actualization
32
What hierarchy does this belong? Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion
Breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion
33
What hierarchy does this belong? Security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, and of property.
Safety
34
What hierarchy does this belong? Frienship, family, sexual intimacy
love / belonging
35
What hierarchy does this belong? self - esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others.
Esteem
36
What hierarchy does this belong? morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts
Self - actualization
37
Creating incentives and decreasing obstacles are challenging for healthcare professionals as educators
Motivational factors
38
Facilitating/blocking factors that influence individuals to learn:
- Personal attributes
- Environmental factors
- Learner relationship systems
39
physical
developmental
psychological components of the individual learner
Physical attributes
40
Can shape an individual’s motivation to learn
Physical attributes
41
Learners views about the complexity and the extent of changes that are needed can shape motivation
Physical attributes
42
Physical and attitudinal climate, physical characteristics of the learning environment, availability of human resources, and different types of behavioral rewards
Environmental influences
43
What promotes learning under environmental influences?
- Pleasant
- confortable
- adaptable surroundings
44
What detracts learning under environmental influences?
- noise
- confusion
- interruptions
- lack of privacy
45
Motivational factors:
- Physical attributes
- Environmental influences
- Learner relationships systems
46
Relationships are not theory on their own but just a force that acts on motivation
Learner Relationships Systems
47
What influences motivation:
- family or significant others in the support system
- cultural identity
- work
- school
- community
- roles
- teach-learner interactions
48
Rules that set the stage for motivation
Motivational axioms
49
Premises on which an understanding of phenomenon is based
Axioms
50
Health professional as an educator must understand the premises involved to promote motivation of the learner
Motivational axioms
51
Motivational axioms set the stage for the learner:
- The state of optimum anxiety
- Learner readiness
- Realistic goal setting
- Learner satisfaction/success
- Uncertainty reduction/maintaining dialogue
52
When perception, abstract thinking, concentration, and information processing are enhanced
Optimum state of learning
53
54
Learning is achieved during _____ situation
Challenging situation
55
Low levels of anxiety means:
low levels of motivation
56
comfortably managed & promotes learning
Moderate levels of anxiety
57
reduces ability to perceive environmental, concentration, & learning
High / severe levels of anxiety
58
Incentives as rewards and reinforcers :
- Tangible
- intangible
- External
- Internal
59
Desire cannot be imposed on a learner but it can be influenced by _____ and promoted by the educator
external forces
60
What factor influence motivation?
desire to move towards a goal and readiness to learn
61
Individual will work towards goals:
- possible to achieve
- within his / her grasp
62
Individual will give up:
- When goals are unrealistic
- Beyond his/her grasp
63
Goals:
Should equal _____ change needed
Should be created _____ between learner and educator
reduces _____ or sabotaging educational plans
Should be created after the learner _____
- behavioral
- collaboratively
- negative effects of hidden agendas
- knows what to change
64
Learners are motivated by _____
Learners are motivated by success
65
Success is _____ and feeds the learners _____.
- self -satisfying
- self - esteem
66
Focus on success as positive reinforcement to promote learner and a sense of accomplishment
- satisfaction
- sense of accomplishment
67
68
Individuals have internal dialogues that can reduce or maintain?
Uncertainty
69
Parameters for motivational assessment of the learner?
- Previous attempts
- Curiosity
- Goal setting
- Self-care ability
- Stress factors
- Survival issues
- Life situations
70
2 assessments in motivation?
- Subjective
- Objective
71
Enables the learner to integrate previous learning with newly acquired knowledge through diagrammatic mapping
Mind / concept mapping
72
Method of being ready to change in order to promote desired health behaviors
Motivational Interviewing
73
A model that mainly focuses to create and maintain motivational strategies used for instructional design
- Attention
- Relevance
- Confidence
- Satisfaction
74
Motivational strategies in the educational setting:
- clear communication
- clarifying directions and expectations
- organizing material in a meaningful way for the learner
- environmental manipulation
- positive verbal feedback
- providing opportunities for success
75
These models and theories describe, explain, and predict health behaviors that can be used as a tool for health-promotion:
- Health Belief Model
- Self Efficacy theory
- Protection Motivation Theory
- Stages of Change Model,
- Theory of reasoned action
- Therapeutic alliance model
76
A framework or paradigm used to explain or predict health behavior composed of the interaction between individual perceptions, modifying factors, and likelihood of action.
Health belief model
77
2 premises on which health belief model is built?
- Eventual success of disease prevention
- Belief that health is highly valued
78
Health belief model components?
- Individual perception
- Modifying factors
- likelihood of action
79
Under health belief model, the subcomponents of perceived susceptibility or perceived severity of a specific disease?
Individual pereception
80
81
Demographics variables (age, sex, etc)
Sociopsychological variables (personality, locus of control, etc.)
Structurable variables (knowledge about and prior contact with disease)
Modifying factors
82
Subcomponents of perceived benefits of preventive action minus perceived barriers to preventive action
Likelihood of action
83
A framework that describes the belief that one is capable of accomplishing a specific behavior.
Self - efficacy theory
84
Self efficacy is appraised and processed through the following sources of information:
- Performance accomplishments through self-mastery
- Vicarious experiences; such as observing expected behavior through modeling of others
- Verbal persuasion from others who present realistic beliefs that the individual is capable of the expected behavior
- Emotional arousal through self-judgement of physiological states of distress
85
Attribution, Relaxation biofeedback, symbolize desensitization, and symbolic exposure
Emotional arousal
86
Suggestion, Exhortation, self - instruction, interpretative treatments
Verbal persuasion
87
Live modelling and symblic modelling
Vicarious experiences
88
Participant of modelling, performance desensitization, performance exposure, self - instructed performance
Performance accomplishments
89
A linear motivational theory that explains behavioral change in terms of threat and coping appraisal, which leads to intent and ultimately to action.
Protection Motivation Theory
90
A threat to health is a stimulus to protection motivation
Protection Motivation Theory
91
Under Protection Motivation Theory, these are researched what are the antecedents to health behaviors such as:
- Drug abuse
- AIDS
- Smoking
- Sun protection
- Drinking behaviors
92
A model developed by Prochaska that forms the phenomenon of health behaviors of the learner, particularly applied to addictive and problem behaviors
Stages of Change Model
93
Stage the client’s intentions and behaviors for change as well as strategies that will enable completion of the specific stage
Stages of Change Model
94
The extent to which people are motivated and ready to change is seen as an important construct
Stages of Change Model
95
There are six time related stages of change in the stages of change model?
- Precontemplation: individuals have no current intention of changing
- Contemplation: individuals accept or realize they have a problem and begin to think seriously about changing it
- Preparation: individuals are planning to take action within the time frame of one month
- Action: there is overt/visible modification of the behavior
- Maintenance: may last six months to a lifetime, difficult to achieve
- Termination: when the problem no longer presents any temptation.
96
Under the stage of change model, individuals have no current intention of changing
Precontemplation
97
Under the stage of change model, individuals accept or realize they have a problem and begin to think seriously about changing it
Contemplation
98
Under the stage of change model, individuals are planning to take action within the time frame of one month
Preparation
99
Under the stage of change model, there is overt/visible modification of the behavior
Action
100
Under the stage of change model, may last six months to a lifetime, difficult to achieve
Maintenance
101
Under the stage of change model, when the problem no longer presents any temptation
Termination
102
A framework that is concerned with prediction and understanding of human behavior within a social context.
Theory of reasoned action
103
Humans behave in a way that is consistent with their beliefs
Theories of reasoned action
104
Behavior is determined by:
- Beliefs, attitude toward the behavior, and intention
- Motivation to comply with influential persons known as referents, subjective norms, and intention
105
An interpersonal provider-client model that addresses the continuum of compliance, adherence, and collaboration in therapeutic relationships.
Therpeutic alliance model
106
Consultation that allows for mutual respect for the patient’s and the professional’s beliefs, allows negotiation to take place about the best course of action for the patient
Concordance
107
Likelihood of action...
Health belief theory
108
Attain positive health outcomes...
Protection motivation theory
109
Attitude and intention
...
Theory of reasoned action
110
Belief in one's capabilities...
Self-efficacy theory
111
Reduce noncompliance through an educator-learner collaboration
Therapeutic alliance model
112
Stage individual's readiness for change and develop strategies for interventions?
Stages of change model
113
Questions to be asked to determine functional utility of models:
- who
- what
- when
- where
114
a multitheory approach to promote health behaviors
Model integration
115
Use more of an integrative approach using goal theories and stages of change rather than unidirectional and nondynamic approaches to behavioral change
Model integration
116
In order to meet needs of the learner, principles of pedagogy(teaching children), andragogy(teaching adults), and gerogogy(teaching older adults) are incorporated
Model integration
117
Health professionals role is to promote _____
healthy lifestyles
118
Role of health professional is they can combine content that is specific to their scope of practice and knowledge of educational theories and health behavior models to come up with an integrated approach in order to shape health behaviors of individuals through education
119
Effective ways to facilitate change in education :
- Explain
- Analyze
- Divide Complex Skills
- Demonstrate
- Practice
- Ask Questions
- Provide Closure
Focus on promotion of health
120
state mutual goals to be accomplished, devise an agreed upon plan of action, evaluate the plan, and derive alternatives
Educational contracting
121
Health care worker needs to be:
- Approachable
- Trustworthy
- Culturally sensitive
122
_____ decreases obstacles for the learner and simplifies the situation
organization
123
This includes:
- manipulating materials and space
- organizing content from simple to complex
- prioritizing subject matter
Organization
124
Organization includes:
- manipulating materials and space
- organizing content from simple to complex
- prioritizing subject matter
125
_____ of educational programs in the form of outcomes are necessary to show accountability to the learner
Evaluations
126
Application of knowledge that improves the health of individuals, families, and groups is the evaluative measure of learning
Evaluator
127
Less than adequate evidence for implementing health care interventions focused on compliance and motivation in regards to the health behaviors of the learner
State of evidence
128
FYI; Concluding Thoughts
- Foundation for learning is set when information is imparted, accepted, applied and the foundation is set for a change is health behaviors
- When people are motivated and they know they can make a difference in their own lives, a barrier to health is lifted
