Lesson 1 Flashcards
1
Q
In a general perspective, is the systematic study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis. It aims to understand the principles governing the universe and applies logical reasoning to explain natural phenomena.
A
Science
2
Q
It is all about applying scientific knowledge, tools, and techniques to solve problems and improve human life.
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Technology
3
Q
It refers to a group of individuals who share a common culture, institutions, and way of life.
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Society
4
Q
It is an interdisciplinary field that explores the interactions between scientific knowledge, technological advancements, and social structures.
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Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
5
Q
“Father of Science”
A
Aristotle
6
Q
is often attributed to ______ (384–322 BCE) because of his significant contributions to logic, observation, and the systematic study of nature.
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Aristotle
7
Q
He laid the foundation for many scientific fields, including biology, physics, and astronomy.
A
Aristotle
8
Q
WHAT ARE THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF ARISTOTLE IN EARLY SCIENCE? (3)
A
• Aristotle is considered the father of biology and zoology.
• He developed a classification system based on shared characteristics, distinguishing between animals with and without blood (analogous to vertebrates and invertebrates).
• He observed animal behavior, reproduction, and anatomy, documenting his findings in works like Historia Animalium.
9
Q
What are the relationships of science and technology? (5)
A
• Science Leads to Technology
• Technology Advances Science
• Mutual Growth
• Applications in Everyday Life
• Innovation and Problem-Solving
10
Q
Scientific discoveries often lay the foundation for technological advancements.
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Science Leads to Technology
11
Q
Example: The discovery of electricity led to the development of electric power and appliances.
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Science Leads to Technology
12
Q
New technologies help scientists conduct experiments and make discoveries.
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Technology Advances Science
13
Q
Example: The invention of the microscope enabled biologists to study cells, leading to breakthroughs in medicine.
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Technology Advances Science
14
Q
As science progresses, it provides new knowledge that engineers and inventors use to create better technology. Conversely, new technology allows for more precise and advanced scientific research.
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Mutual Growth
15
Q
Scientific principles are applied in technological solutions (e.g., physics in car engines, chemistry in drug development).
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Applications in Everyday Life
16
Q
Technologies developed for one purpose often find unexpected scientific applications (e.g., AI in medical research).
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Applications in Everyday Life
17
Q
Science seeks to understand natural phenomena, while technology applies that understanding to solve practical problems.
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Innovation and Problem-Solving
18
Q
Example: Climate science studies global warming, leading to technological innovations in renewable energy.
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Innovation and Problem-Solving
19
Q
What are the main concepts of Science, Technology, and Society? (8)
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• The Co-Production of Science and Society
• Ethical and Social Implications of Technology
• Risk, Uncertainty and Innovation
• Science and Technology in Policy and Governance
• Sustainability and Environmental Considerations
• Digital Revolution and the Information Society
• Equity, Inclusion, and Access to Technology
• Public Perception and Communication of Science
20
Q
Science and technology do not develop in isolation but are shaped by societal needs, values, and politics.
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The Co-Production of Science and Society
21
Q
Social, ethical, and political factors influence the direction of scientific research and technological development.
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The Co-Production of Science and Society
22
Q
Every technological advancement brings ethical dilemmas and social consequences.
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Ethical and Social Implications of Technology
23
Q
Issues such as privacy, surveillance, artificial intelligence, and genetic engineering raise moral and ethical concerns.
A
Ethical and Social Implications of Technology
24
Q
Scientific and technological advances come with risks (e.g., environmental issues, health concerns, cybersecurity threats).
A
Risk, Uncertainty and Innovation
25
Society must balance innovation with precautionary measures to avoid unintended consequences.
Risk, Uncertainty and Innovation
26
Governments play a role in funding, regulating, and promoting scientific research and technological advancements.
Science and Technology in Policy and Governance
27
Public policies influence technological adoption, research priorities, and ethical considerations.
Science and Technology in Policy and Governance
28
The impact of science and technology on the environment is a key concern (e.g., climate change, renewable energy, waste management).
Sustainability and Environmental Considerations
29
Sustainable technology and green innovations are critical for long-term societal progress.
Sustainability and Environmental Considerations
30
The rise of the internet, artificial intelligence, and big data has transformed communication, work, and education.
Digital Revolution and the Information Society
31
Issues such as digital divide, data privacy, and misinformation are major challenges in the digital era.
Digital Revolution and the Information Society
32
Scientific and technological developments should be accessible to all, reducing disparities between different social groups.
Equity, Inclusion, and Access to Technology
33
Ethical concerns include who benefits from technology and who is left behind.
Equity, Inclusion, and Access to Technology
34
How science is communicated and perceived affects public trust and decision-making.
Public Perception and Communication of Science
35
Misinformation, pseudoscience, and skepticism impact the effectiveness of science in society.
Public Perception and Communication of Science
36
What are the 9 types of Overview in Father Science?
• General Science
• Scientific Method
• Physics
• Chemistry
• Earth Sciences
• Astronomy and Cosmology
• Biology and Life Sciences
• Medicine in Human Science
• Modern and Applied Sciences
37
2 Overview Father in General Science?
• Thales of Miletus (c. 624–546 BCE)
• Aristotle (384–322 BCE)
38
Considered the first philosopher-scientist, focusing on natural explanations.
Thales of Miletus (c. 624–546 BCE)
39
Father of natural science, biology, and early scientific thought.
Aristotle (384–322 BCE)
40
2 Overview Father in Scientific Method?
• Roger Bacon (c. 1219–1292)
• Francis Bacon (1561–1626)
41
Early advocate of experimental science.
Roger Bacon (c. 1219–1292)
42
Father of the modern scientific method.
Francis Bacon (1561–1626)
43
3 Overview Father in Physics?
• Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)
• Isaac Newton (1643–1727)
• Albert Einstein (1879–1955)
44
Father of modern physics, observational astronomy, and kinematics.
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)
45
Father of classical mechanics and gravitation.
Isaac Newton (1643–1727)
46
Father of modern physics (theory of relativity and quantum mechanics).
Albert Einstein (1879–1955)
47
2 Overview Father in Chemistry?
• Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794)
• Robert Boyle (1627–1691)
48
Father of modern chemistry, discovered the role of oxygen in combustion.
Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794)
49
Father of modern experimental chemistry.
Robert Boyle (1627–1691)
50
2 Overview Father in Earth Sciences?
• James Hutton (1726–1797)
• Alfred Wegener (1880–1930)
51
Father of modern geology.
James Hutton (1726–1797)
52
Father of continental drift theory.
Alfred Wegener (1880–1930)
53
3 Overview Father in Astronom and Cosmology?
• Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100–170)
• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
• Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)
54
Father of geocentric astronomy.
Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100–170)
55
Father of heliocentrism (sun centered model of the solar system).
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543)
56
Father of planetary motion.
Johannes Kepler (1571–1630)
57
3 Overview Father in Biology and Life Sciences?
• Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778)
• Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
• Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)
58
Father of taxonomy and classification.
Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778)
59
Father of evolution by natural selection.
Charles Darwin (1809–1882)
60
Father of genetics.
Gregor Mendel (1822–1884)
61
3 Overview Father in Medicine and Human Science?
• Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BCE)
• Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564)
• Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)
62
Father of medicine.
Hippocrates (c. 460–370 BCE)
63
Father of modern human anatomy.
Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564)
64
Father of microbiology and germ theory.
Louis Pasteur (1822–1895)
65
3 Overview Father in Modern and Applied Sciences?
• Alan Turing (1912–1954)
• Nikola Tesla (1856–1943)
• John von Neumann (1903–1957)
66
Father of computer science and artificial intelligence.
Alan Turing (1912–1954)
67
Father of electrical engineering and AC power.
Nikola Tesla (1856–1943)
68
Father of modern computing and game theory.
John von Neumann (1903–1957)
69
have played a crucial role in the country's development, particularly in agriculture, industry, health, and disaster preparedness. The government, through institutions like the Department of _______ and ________ (DOST), has been spearheading research and innovations to improve various sectors.
Science and technology (S&T) in the Philippines
70
7 AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY
• Rice Research
• Health and Medicine
• Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science
• Space Science and Technology
• Information Technology and Digital Transformation
• Renewable Energy and Sustainability
• Manufacturing and Industry
71
The ______ ______ ______ ______ (IRRI), based in Laguna, has developed high-yield and climate-resistant rice varieties.
International Rice Research Institute, (Rice Research)
72
What is PhilRice?
Philippine Rice Research Institute, (Rice Research)
73
Works on ____ _____ ______, ______and ______ _____ ______
rice farming innovations, mechanization, sustainable farming practices. (Rice Research)
74
________ in Farming
Biotechnology, (Rice Research)
75
_______ and _______
Entertainment and Creativity (Health and Medicine)
76
______ ___ ______ _____ (Vitamin A-enriched) and other genetically modified crops to improve food security.
Development of Golden Rice, (Rice Research)
77
Pharmaceutical Research: _______________ promotes herbal medicine research.
The Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (Health and Medicine)
78
_______ and _____
Medical Devices, Innovations (Health and Medicine)
79
5 in Rice Research
1. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), based in Laguna, has developed high-yield and climate-resistant rice varieties.
2. Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice)
3. Works on rice farming innovations, mechanization, and sustainable farming practices.
4. Biotechnology in Farming
5. Development of Golden Rice (Vitamin A-enriched) and other genetically modified crops to improve food security.
80
6 Health and Medicine
1. Entertainment and Creativity
2. Pharmaceutical Research: The Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) promotes herbal medicine research.
3. Medical Devices and Innovations
4. Locally made diagnostic kits like GenAmplify, a COVID-19 RT-PCR test kit, were developed by Filipino scientists.
5. Dengue Vaccine
6. Filipino scientists have been involved in the research and monitoring of vaccines for tropical diseases.
81
6 Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science
1. Entertainment and Creativity
2. Pharmaceutical Research: The Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) promotes herbal medicine research.
3. Medical Devices and Innovations
4. Locally made diagnostic kits like GenAmplify, a COVID-19 RT-PCR test kit, were developed by Filipino scientists.
5. Dengue Vaccine
6. Filipino scientists have been involved in the research and monitoring of vaccines for tropical diseases.
82
4 Space Science and Technology
1. Diwata and Maya Satellites
2. The Philippine Space Agency (PhilSA) has launched satellites for environmental monitoring and disaster response.
3. Typhoon and Disaster Monitoring
4. Satellites are used for real-time data on natural disasters, agricultural planning, and resource management.
83
6 Information Technology and Digital Transformation
1. E-Government
2. Initiatives like DigiGov and online services for passports, licenses, and transactions are improving government efficiency.
3. Startup Ecosystem
4. Growth in fintech, e-commerce, and artificial intelligence startups supported by DOST and DICT (Department of Information and Communications Technology).
5. Cybersecurity and Data Privacy
6. Laws like the Data Privacy Act of 2012 protect citizens’ digital information.
84
6 Renewable Energy and Sustainability
1. Solar and Wind Power
2. Investments in solar farms and wind energy projects, especially in Ilocos Norte and Rizal.
3. Geothermal Energy
4. The Philippines is one of the world's top producers of geothermal power.
5. Waste-to-Energy Projects
6. Initiatives that convert biodegradable waste into biofuels and other energy sources.
85
6 Manufacturing and Industry
1. Semiconductor and Electronics
2. The Philippines is a global hub for semiconductor assembly and testing.
3. 3D Printing and Robotics
4. Used in manufacturing, healthcare, and prototyping.
5. Balik Scientist Program
6. Encourages Filipino scientists abroad to return and contribute to local research and industry.
86
Locally made diagnostic kits like ______, a COVID-19 RT-PCR test kit, were developed by Filipino scientists.
GenAmplify, (Health and Medicine)
87
_______ Vaccine
Dengue, (Health and Medicine)
88
_____ ______ have been involved in the research and monitoring of vaccines for tropical diseases.
Filipino scientists, (Health and Medicine)
89
What is Project NOAH?
Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards, (Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science)
90
A ____ ______ program using real-time data and satellite imaging to predict floods and typhoons.
disaster management, (Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science)
91
_____-PAGASA
DOST, (Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science)
92
Develops weather forecasting models and early warning systems.
Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science
93
______ PH
GeoRisk, (Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science)
94
A ______ that maps earthquake and disaster-prone areas to enhance disaster preparedness.
platform, (Disaster Preparedness and Climate Science)
95
_______ and ____ Satellites
Diwata, Maya, (Space Science and Technology)
96
_______ and _____ Monitoring
Typhoon, Disaster, (Space Science and Technology)
97
What is PhilSA? has launched satellites for environmental monitoring and disaster response.
The Philippine Space Agency, (Space Science and Technology)
98
______ are used for real-time data on natural disasters, agricultural planning, and resource management.
Satellites, (Space Science and Technology)
99
E-_______
Governement, (Information Technology and Digital Transformation)
100
Initiatives like _______ and online services for passports, licenses, and transactions are improving government efficiency.
DigiGov, (Information Technology and Digital Transformation)
101
Startup ______
Ecosystem, (Information Technology and Digital Transformation)
102
Growth in _____, _- ____, and ___ ______startups supported by DOST and DICT (Department of Information and Communications Technology).
fintech, e-commerce, artificial intelligence, (Information Technology and Digital Transformation)
103
________ and ___ ____
Cybersecurity, Data Privacy, (Information Technology and Digital Transformation)
104
Laws like the Data Privacy Act of _____ , _____ ____ ____ _____
clue: year and 4 words
2012, protect citizens’ digital information. (Information Technology and Digital Transformation)
105
_____ and ____ Power
Solar, Wind, (Renewable Energy and Sustainability)
106
Investments in _____ farms and ____ energy projects, especially in Ilocos Norte and Rizal.
solar, wind, (Renewable Energy and Sustainability)
107
_______ Energy
Geothermal, (Renewable Energy and Sustainability)
108
The _______ is one of the world's top producers of geothermal power.
clue: place
Philippines, (Renewable Energy and Sustainability)
109
_____ -to-_____ Projects
Waste, Energy, (Renewable Energy and Sustainability)
110
Initiatives that convert biodegradable waste into _____ and other energy sources.
biofuels, (Renewable Energy and Sustainability)
111
________ and ______
Semiconductor, Electronics, (Manufacturing and Industry)
112
The ______ is a global hub for semiconductor assembly and testing.
clue: place again tangina
Philippines, (Manufacturing and Industry)
113
3D ______ and _____
Printing, Robotics, (Manufacturing and Industry)
114
Used in ______, ______, and _____.
manufacturing, healthcare, prototyping, (Manufacturing and Industry)
115
______ Scientist Program
Balik, (Manufacturing and Industry)
116
Encourages Filipino scientists abroad to _____ and _____ to local research and industry.
return, contribute, (Manufacturing and Industry)
117
8 CHALLENGES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
• Limited Funding for Research and Development (R&D)
• Brain Drain and Lack of Skilled Workforce
• Weak Industry-Academic Linkages
• Slow Adoption of Emerging Technologies
• Infrastructure and Technological Gaps
• Regulatory and Bureaucratic Hurdles
• Climate Change and Environmental Concerns
• Low Public Awareness and STEM Education Issues
118
The country allocates a small percentage of its GDP to R&D, lagging behind other ASEAN nations. Many researchers and institutions struggle with inadequate financial support for projects.
Limited Funding for Research and Development (R&D)
119
Many Filipino scientists and engineers seek better opportunities abroad due to higher salaries and better research facilities. There is a shortage of highly skilled professionals in specialized fields like AI, biotechnology, and advanced engineering.
Brain Drain and Lack of Skilled Workforce
120
Collaboration between universities and industries is not strong enough to commercialize innovations. Many research outputs remain theoretical and are not translated into practical applications.
Weak Industry-Academic Linkages
121
Industries and government agencies are slow in integrating modern technologies like artificial intelligence, automation, and renewable energy. There is a digital divide, with many rural areas lacking access to high-speed internet and modern digital infrastructure.
Slow Adoption of Emerging Technologies
122
Many research institutions lack state-of-the-art laboratories and equipment. Limited technology transfer from developed nations hinders growth in innovation.
Infrastructure and Technological Gaps
123
Complex government regulations and slow processing times discourage technological startups and foreign investors. Innovation policies need to be more streamlined and supportive of entrepreneurship.
Regulatory and Bureaucratic Hurdles
124
The Philippines is highly vulnerable to climate change, requiring advanced science-based solutions for disaster risk reduction and environmental sustainability. There is a need for stronger investments in green technologies, renewable energy, and climate-resilient infrastructure.
Climate Change and Environmental Concerns
125
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education needs improvement, with outdated curricula and a lack of qualified teachers. Many students are not encouraged to pursue careers in S&T, limiting the future talent pool.
Low Public Awareness and STEM Education Issues
126
What are the POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS? (5)
• Increase government and private sector investment in R&D.
• Strengthen incentives to retain local scientists and attract Filipino experts abroad.
• Enhance industry-academic partnerships to commercialize research.
• Improve STEM education and digital literacy programs.
• Modernize infrastructure and facilitate easier startup incubation.
