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Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Hazards

A
  • Biological Hazards
  • Sharps Hazards
  • Chemical Hazards
  • Radioactive Hazards
  • Electrical Hazards
  • Fire/Explosive Hazards
  • Physical Hazards
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2
Q

Source and possible injury of Biological Hazards

A

Source:
Infectious Agents

Possible Injury:
Bacterial, Fungal, Viral, or
Parasitic Infections

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3
Q

Source and possible injury of Sharps Hazards

A

Source:
Needles, Lancets, Broken Glass

Possible Injury:
Cuts, Punctures, or Blood-Borne
Pathogen Exposure

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4
Q

Source and possible injury of Chemical Hazards

A

Source: Preservatives and Reagents

Possible Injury: Exposure to Toxic, Carcinogenic,
or Caustic Agents

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5
Q

Source and possible injury of Radioactive Hazards

A

Source:
Equipment and Radioisotopes

Possible Injury: Radiation Exposure

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6
Q

Source and possible injury of Electrical Hazards

A

Source: Ungrounded or Wet Equipment; Frayed Cords

Possible Injury: Burns or Shock

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7
Q

Source and possible injury of Fire/ Explosive Hazards

A

Source: Bunsen Burners, Organic
Chemicals

Possible Injury: Burns or Dismemberment

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8
Q

Source and possible injury of Physical Hazards

A

Source: Wet Floors, Heavy Boxes,
Patients

Possible Injury:
Falls, Sprains or Strains

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9
Q

Hazards brought about by living organisms infecting and causing diseases to human and animals.

A

Biological Hazards

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10
Q

Present in specimens tested in the clinical laboratory.

A

Biological Hazards

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11
Q

Major biological risks

A

Blood borne pathogens

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12
Q

Meaning of OSHA

A

Occupational Safety Health Ac

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13
Q

Occupational Safety Health Act (OSHA) mandates that
all laboratory workers must observe the ______.

A

Universal Precaution

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14
Q

3 variables in the chain of infection

A

host
source
transmission

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15
Q

5 variables in the chain of infection

A

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of entry
Means of transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host

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16
Q

Examples of infectious agent.

A

Infectious agent
* Bacteria
* Fungi
* Parasites
* Viruses

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17
Q

Examples of reservoir.

How to break the link?

A
  • Humans
  • Animals
  • Insects
  • Fomites
  • Blood/body fluids

Break the link:
* Disinfection
* Hand hygiene

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18
Q

Examples of portal of exit.

How to break the link?

A
  • Nose
  • Mouth
  • Mucous membranes
  • Specimen collection

Break the link
* Sealed biohazardous waste containers
* Sealed specimen containers
*Hand hygiene
*Standard precautions

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19
Q

Examples of means of transmission

How to break the link?

A
  • Droplet
  • Airborne
  • Contact
  • Vector
  • Vehicle

Break the link:
* Hand hygiene
* Standard precautions
* PPE
* patient isolation

20
Q

Examples of portal of entry

How to break the link?

A
  • Nose
  • Mouth
  • Mucous membranes
  • Skin
  • Unsterile equipment

Break the link
* Hand hygiene
* Standard precautions
* PPE
* Sterile equipment

21
Q

Examples of susceptible host

How to break the link?

A
  • Patients
  • Elderly
  • Newborns
  • Immunocompromised
  • Health-care workers

Break the link
* Immunizations
* Patient isolation
* Nursery precautions
* Healthy lifestyle

22
Q

When done correctly, is the single most effective way to prevent the spread of communicable diseases in all settings.

A

Handwashing

23
Q

The handwashing song, repeated ____doing
handwashing.

A

Happy Birthday

twice

24
Q

Personal Protective Equipment include:

A
  • gloves
  • fluid– resistant gowns
  • goggles
  • masks
  • face shields.
25
Gloves should be worn when in contact with _______. When specimens are collected, gloves must be _______.
- patients, specimens and laboratory equipment or fixtures - changed between every patient
26
ALL biological waste, except____, must be placed in appropriate containers labeled with the biohazard symbol
urine
27
How to discard urine
Discard urine by pouring it into a laboratory sink, avoid splashing, then flush with water
28
Disinfection of the sink using a ________ should be performed _____.
- 1:5 or 1:10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite -daily
29
True or False. No recapping of needles
true
30
Needles may be recapped only by using a ______.
mechanical device
31
A chemical is considered hazardous if it is determined to be:
* Flammable * Explosive * Toxic/Poisonous * Corrosive * Irritant * Environmental hazard
32
The best first aid is to flush the area with large amounts of water for _____.
at least 15 minutes and then seek medical attention
33
True or False Do not neutralize chemicals that come in contact with the skin
True
34
True or False Acid should always be added to water Why?
to avoid the possibility of sudden splashing caused by rapid generation of heat in some chemical reactions
35
OSHA also requires all facilities that use hazardous chemicals to have _________. for all employees. The purpose of the plan is to detail the following:
written chemical hygiene plan available 1. Appropriate work practices 2. Standard operating procedures 3. PPE 4.Engineering controls such as fume hoods and flammables safety cabinet 5. Employee training requirements 6. Medical consultation guidelines
36
Hazardous chemical should be labeled with a description of their particular hazard, such as _____.
poisonous, corrosive or carcinogenic
37
NFPA meaning
National Fire Protection Association
38
National Fire Protection Association Hazardous Materials Classification
Yellow Quadrant (STABILITY/REACTIVITY) 4 – May Detonate 3 – Shock & Heat May Detonate 2 – Violent Chemical Change 1 – Unstable if Heated 0 – Stable WHITE QUADRANT (SPECIFIC) OXY – Oxidizer ACID – Acid ALK – Alkali COR - Corrosive W– Use no Water SA – Simple Asphyxiant – Radioactive
39
Is a document that contains information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product. It should include the following.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) 1. Physical and chemical characteristics 2. Fire and explosion potential 3. Reactivity potential 4. Health hazards and emergency first aid procedures 5. Methods for safe handling and disposal 6. Primary routes of entry 7. Exposure limits and carcinogenic potential
40
All electric equipment must be grounded with _____.
three pronged plugs
41
If electric shock accidents occur, _____.
never touch the person or the equipment involved
42
Turn off the circuit-breaker/unplug the equipment/move the equipment using a ______.
nonconductive glass or wood object
43
RACE meaning
- R [RESCUE] - RESCUE ANYONE IN IMMEDIATE DANGER - A [ALARM] - ACTIVATE THE INSTITUTIONAL FIRE ALARM SYSTEM - C [CONTAIN] - CLOSE ALL DOORS TO POTENTIALLY AFFECTED AREAS - E [EXTINGUISH] - ATTEMPT TO EXTINGUISH THE FIRE, IF POSSIBLE; EXIT THE AREA
44
PASS meaning
P - Pull A - aim S - Squeeze S - Sweep
45
Types of Fire and Extinguishers
Type A - Ordinary Combustibles (Cloth, Paper, Rubbish, Plastics and Wood) - Water, Dry Chemical, and Loaded Steam Type B - Flammable Liquids (Grease, Gasoline, Paints and Oil) - Dry Chemical, Carbon Dioxide, Foam, and Halon Type C - Electrical Equipment and Motor Switches - Carbon Dioxide, Dry Chemical, and Halon Type D - Flammable Metals (Mercury, Magnesium, Sodium and Lithium) _ Metal X (Should Be Fought By Fire Fighters Only) Type E - Detonation (Arsenal Fire) - Usually Allowed to Burn Out - Nearby Materials Protected
46
Health Care Waste Disposal
BLACK - Non- infectious dry waste GREEN - Non- infectious wet waste (kitchen, dietary etc) YELLOW - Infectious and Pathological waste YELLOW - WITH BLACK BAND Chemical waste including those with heavy metals ORANGE Radioactive Waste RED Sharps and Pressurized containers

mt 12 (3 decks)

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