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Gerontological Nursing > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the average lifespan increase from the 19th century to now?

A

Oldest person lived to 122

The average lifespan has increased significantly, with the oldest recorded individuals living much longer than the previous average of dying at age 42.

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2
Q

What is the fastest growing age group in the population?

A

Centenarians (100+) group is growing at 41.3%

This demographic trend highlights the increasing number of people living to 100 years or older.

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3
Q

What is the ratio of women to men in the 85+ age group?

A

2 women for every 1 man

This reflects the longer life expectancy of women compared to men.

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4
Q

What proportion of individuals aged 85 and older live in nursing homes?

A

1/3 of 85+ and 2/3 of 100+

This statistic indicates the significant reliance on nursing homes for older populations.

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5
Q

What percentage of older people thrive in the community rather than nursing homes?

A

2/3 of older people

This emphasizes the importance of community health promotion to enhance independence.

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6
Q

What percentage of the 65+ population is considered active?

A

3/4 are active for 3.5hr/day

This shows that a majority of older adults engage in physical activities.

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7
Q

What are the primary social determinants of health and their proportions?

A
  • 50%: Life/Social Environment/Upbringing
  • 25%: Health Care System
  • 15%: Genetics and Biology
  • 10%: Physical Environment

These factors significantly influence health outcomes and disparities.

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8
Q

What model explains how socioeconomic status, culture, and environment interact with aging?

A

Dahlgren/Whitehead Rainbow

This model illustrates the complex interplay of various factors impacting health.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the Active Aging Model?

A

To promote health determinants, behaviors, and lifestyle factors

This model emphasizes the importance of social determinants of health and active participation in society.

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10
Q

What are common issues faced by older adults regarding aging in place?

A
  • Scarce resources
  • Escalating health needs
  • Changing mobility needs

Addressing these issues is crucial for improving the quality of life for older adults.

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11
Q

What is the predicted outcome of frailty in older adults?

A

Poor outcomes such as longer hospital stays, earlier deaths, comorbidities

Frailty is a significant predictor of adverse health events in older populations.

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12
Q

What are the components of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in aging?

A
  • Physiological
  • Safety
  • Love/Belonging
  • Esteem/Accomplishment
  • Self-Actualization

This theory outlines the progression of human motivations throughout life stages.

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13
Q

What is the Disengagement Theory?

A

As we age, we disengage from many activities

This theory suggests that disengagement is a natural process of aging.

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14
Q

What does the term ‘Healthy Immigrant Effect’ refer to?

A

Immigrant health starts higher than normal Canadians but erodes away

This phenomenon may be due to changes in lifestyle and access to health resources.

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15
Q

What is the leading cause of death among older adults?

A

Cancer

Other leading causes include heart disease, strokes, and respiratory issues.

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16
Q

What is the Cumulative Deficit Model in frailty?

A

Frailty is a large umbrella under which individuals develop disabilities and multi-morbidities

This model emphasizes the accumulation of deficits over time across different health domains.

17
Q

What are some psychosocial aging theories?

A
  • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
  • Jung’s Model of Lifelong Development
  • Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

These theories explore how thoughts and priorities change with age.

18
Q

What is the role of the circadian clock in aging?

A

Regulates hormonal patterns; changes can lead to cell damage and aging

Dysregulation of the circadian rhythm is linked to various age-related diseases.

19
Q

What is the relationship between income and health outcomes in older adults?

A

23% of premature mortality is linked to income

Low income contributes to higher functional disability and poorer health status.

20
Q

What is the significance of telomere shortening in aging?

A

Protective covering for chromosomes gets shorter, limiting cell replication

This process contributes to the aging phenomenon and cellular deterioration.

21
Q

What is the goal of the Public Health Framework for Healthy Aging?

A

To support dignity and enhance capacity as health services change

This framework aims to cater to the evolving needs of older adults.

22
Q

What are the socio-economic factors contributing to frailty?

A

Isolation, poverty, caregiver gaps, transfer of care, shortage, nutrition/weight

These factors can lead to increased vulnerability in older adults.

23
Q

What are the physical factors associated with frailty?

A

Age, visual loss, limb weakness, gait abnormalities

These physical changes can impair mobility and overall health.

24
Q

What are common comorbidities seen in frail individuals?

A

Polypharmacy, impaired cognition/mood, many chronic diseases

These comorbidities can complicate treatment and management of frailty.

25
Q

What is sarcopenia?

A

Loss of available lean muscle; less ability to perform strength, power, and endurance

Sarcopenia is a significant contributor to functional decline in older adults.

26
Q

Which inflammatory markers are associated with frailty?

A

IL-6, CRP, Tumour-Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-Alpha)

These markers indicate chronic inflammation, a key factor in the pathogenesis of frailty.

27
Q

What role does the immune system play in frailty?

A

Abnormal inflammation has a major role in frailty development

Pro-inflammatory, chronic responses are fundamental findings in frailty.

28
Q

Fill in the blank: _______ is a progressive, generalized age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and performance.

A

Sarcopenia

29
Q

What is the Clinical Frailty Scale used for?

A

To measure frailty from 1 (Very Fit) to 8 (Very Severely Frail) and 9 (Terminally Ill)

It helps identify individuals in vulnerable stages to prevent progression.

30
Q

What domains are included in a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment?

A
  • Medical
  • Mental Health/Psychosocial
  • Functional Limitations (ADLs)
  • Social Circumstances
  • Environmental

This multidimensional approach helps in developing a coordinated care plan.

31
Q

True or False: There are curative treatments for frailty.

A

False

Interventions aim to reduce the prevalence or severity of frailty rather than cure it.

32
Q

What is one of the most effective interventions to improve function and quality of life in frail individuals?

A

Physical Activity/Aerobic/Resistance Exercise

Exercise is more important than nutrition for improving outcomes in frailty.

33
Q

What is the proposed concept of ‘Aging in Place’?

A

Allowing individuals to grow old in their homes while modifying them to compensate for limitations and disabilities

This concept emphasizes home and community-based care.

34
Q

What is a significant issue with nursing homes according to Jake Tran’s research?

A

They should be reserved for those who really need it; focus should be on holistic care and community support

Nursing homes can be expensive and may not be the best solution for all older adults.

35
Q

What is the cost associated with long-term care homes?

A

$450 per diem per person

This high cost raises questions about the sustainability of such facilities.

36
Q

What is the idea behind creating an ‘old-people village’?

A

Aging in an environment with people of similar conditions, where healthcare is more available

This concept aims to enhance social support and maintain quality of life.

Gerontological Nursing (1 decks)

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