Lesson 1 Flashcards
Who introduced the concept that electrons behave both as particles and waves?
Louis de broglie
Which principles explain the filling order of electrons in atomic orbitals?
Aufbau principle
What shape is associated with the p-orbitals
Dumbbell-shaped
What quantum number specifies the orientation of an orbital in space
Magnetic quantum number ( ml)
According to the photoelectric effect, what determines the emission of electrons from a metal surface?
Frequency of light
The energy of an orbital in a hydrogen atom depends only on the principle quantum number (n).
True
Orbitals are fixed paths that electrons follow around the nucleus
False
According to Hund’s rule, electrons fill orbitals of the same energy single before pairing.
True
Diamagnetic substances have unpaired electrons
False
Quantum mechanics explains that the exact position of an electron cannot be determined.
True
Explain the key difference between Bohr’s model and the quantum mechanical model of the atom.
Bohr’s model proposed fixed circular orbits, while the quantum model describes probabilistic regions (orbitals)
Describe the significance of schrödinger’s wave equation in understanding atomic structures.
Schrödinger’s equation predicts the probability distribution of electrons
What is the madelung rule, and how does it apply to electron configuration.
Madelung’s rule explains the n+l, determining the orbital filling order.
What experimental observations led to the development of the photoelectric effect
Observations: electrons were emitted only above a certain light frequency.
Illustrate the process of writing the electron configuration for a transition metal ion (e.g. Fe 2+)
Remove electrons starting with the highest n: Fe [Ar] 4s2 3d6 —> Fe 2+: [Ar] 3d6
Which atomic model was the first to suggest that electrons have specific energy levels?
Bohr’s model
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency in electromagnetic waves?
Long wavelength corresponds to low frequency
According to the relationship between wavelength and frequency, what happens to frequency as wavelength increases?
Frequency decreases
What phenomenon does ultraviolet catastrophe illustrate?
Limitations of classical physics
What is the relationship between energy and frequency and electromagnetic radiation?
Energy is directly proportional to frequency
What type of radiation has a long wavelength?
Low frequency radiation
What does the term ‘Quanta’ refer to in the context of energy?
Discrete packets of energy
What happens to the energy of an object when it emits radiant energy?
It loses energy
What statement is true regarding electromagnetic radiation?
All radiation has the same speed in a vacuum.
