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BRIDGE ENGINEERING > LESSON 1 > Flashcards

LESSON 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A structure that spans horizontally between supports, whose function is to carry vertical loads. Two supports holding up a beam

A

Bridge

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2
Q

It is a structure that crosses over a river, bay, or other obstruction, or an open intersection (as in interchanges), permitting the smooth and safe passage of vehicles, trains, and/or pedestrians.

A

Bridge

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3
Q

A bridge is divided in to two parts:

A

Superstructure
Substructure

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4
Q

Superstructure are made up of:

A
  1. Deck
  2. Wearing surface
  3. Primary member (Girder or Stringer)
  4. Secondary member (diaphragms or cross-bracing)
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5
Q

Substructure are made up of:

A
  1. Abutments (Backwall, Wingwall, Pedestal, and Bearings)
  2. Piers
  3. Footings
  4. Piles
  5. Sheeting
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6
Q

It provides horizontal spans such as deck and girders and carries traffic loads directly.

A

Superstructures

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7
Q

It supports the horizontal spans, elevating above the ground surface.

A

Substructures

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8
Q

It is the physical extension of the roadway across the obstruction to be bridged. The main function of the _______ is to distribute loads along the bridge cross section or transversely

A

Deck

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9
Q

It is that portion of the deck cross section which resists traffic wear. In most instances this is a separate layer made of bituminous material. The ________ usually varies in thickness from 50 mm to 100 mm

A

Wearing surface (course)

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10
Q

It distribute loads longitudinally and are usually designed principally to resist flexure. Girder or Stringer

A

Primary members

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11
Q

They are bracing between primary members designed to resist cross-sectional deformation of the superstructure frame and help distribute part of the vertical load between stringers. Diaphragms or Stringers

A

Secondary members

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12
Q

Earth‐retaining structures which support the superstructure and overpass roadway at the beginning and end of a bridge.

A

Abutments

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13
Q

It is a short column on an abutment or pier which directly supports a superstructure primary member.

A

Pedestal

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14
Q

It sometimes called the stem, is the primary component of the abutment acting as a retaining structure at each approach.

A

Back wall

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15
Q

It is a sidewall to the abutment backwall or stem designed to assist in confining earth behind the abutment.

A

Wingwall

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16
Q

They are structures which support the superstructure at intermediate points between the end supports (abutments).

A

Piers

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17
Q

They are mechanical systems which transmit the vertical loads of the superstructure to the substructure

A

Bearings

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18
Q

Bearings allowing both rotation and longitudinal translation are called ______

A

Expansion bearings

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19
Q

Bearings that only allows rotation is called

A

Fixed bearings

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20
Q

Transfer the loads of both superstructure and substructure to the subsoil

A

Footings

21
Q

A footing under a wall is known as a __________ ; whereas a footing under a pier is known as a ____________.

A

Wall footing ; Spread footing

22
Q

When the soil under a footing cannot provide adequate support for the substructure (in terms of bearing capacity, overall stability, or settlement), support is obtained using _________, which extend down from the footing to the proper depth.

A

Piles

23
Q

Common types of of foundation in bridge

A
  1. Spread Footing
  2. Driven piles foundation
  3. Drilled shaft/Bored piles
24
Q

In cofferdams or shallow excavation, the vertical planks which are driven into the ground to act as temporary retaining walls permitting excavation are known as __________

A

Sheeting

25
Q

It is any part of the bridge or bridge site which is not a major structural component yet serves some purpose in the overall functionality of the structure.

A

Appurtenance

26
Q

Appurtenance are made up of:

A
  1. Embankment and slope protection
  2. Underdrain
  3. Approach
  4. Traffic Barriers
27
Q

The slope that tapers from the abutment to the underpass (embankment) is covered with a material called slope protection, which should be both aesthetically pleasing and provide for proper drainage and erosion control.

A

Embankment and Slope protection

28
Q

It is a drainage system made of perforated pipe or other suitable conduit that transports runoff away from the structure and into appropriate drainage channels (either natural or man‐made).

A

Underdrain

29
Q

The section of overpass roadway which leads up to and away from the bridge abutments. In cross section the _________ is defined as the “traveled way plus shoulders.”

A

Approach or approach roadway

30
Q

Protective devices used to reduce the severity of an accident when a vehicle leaves the road

A

Traffic barriers

31
Q

TYPE OF BRIDGES: AS TO MATERIALS

A
  1. Steel bridges
  2. Concrete bridges
  3. Timber bridges
  4. Metal alloy bridges
32
Q

TYPE OF BRIDGES: AS TO OBJECTIVES

A
  1. Highway bridges
  2. Railway bridges
  3. Combined bridges
  4. Pedestrian bridges
  5. Aqueduct bridges
33
Q

TYPE OF BRIDGES: AS TO STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

A
  1. Plate Girder Bridge
  2. Box Girder Bridge
  3. T‐Beam Bridges
  4. Composite Girder Bridges
  5. Grillage Girder Bridges
  6. Truss bridges
  7. Arch bridges
  8. Cable -stayed bridges
  9. Suspension bridges
34
Q

The main girders consist of a plate assemblage of upper and lower flanges and a web. H‐ or I‐ cross‐sections are used to effectively resist bending and shear.

A

Plate Girder Bridge

35
Q

The simple (or multiple) main girder consists of a box beam fabricated from steel plates or formed from concrete, which resists not only bending and shear but also torsion effectively.

A

Box girder bridge

36
Q

Several reinforced concrete T‐beams are placed side by side to support the live load.

A

T-beam bridge

37
Q

The concrete deck slab works in conjunction with the steel girders to support loads as a united beam. The steel girder takes mainly tension, while the concrete slab takes the compression component of the bending moment.

A

Composite girder bridges

38
Q

The main girders are connected transversely by floor beams to form a rid pattern which shares the loads with the main girders.

A

Grillage Girder Bridges

39
Q

They are theoretically considered to be connected with pins at their ends to form triangles. Each member resists an axial force, either in compression or tension.

A

Truss bridges

40
Q

Types of Truss bridges:

A
  • Lenticular
  • Pratt
  • Double Intersection Pratt (Whipple)
  • Baltimore
  • Parker
  • Pennsylvania
  • Warren
  • Double Intersection Warren
  • Warren Quadrangular (Lattice) * K Truss
  • Bowstring
41
Q

It is a structure that resists load mainly in axial compression. The circular arc in compression supports the road; the arch can either be below or above the road.

A

Arch bridges

42
Q

The girders are supported by highly strengthened cables (often composed of tightly bound steel strands) which stem directly from the tower. These are mostly suited to bridge long distances. The cables in tension support the road.

A

Cable‐Stayed Bridges

43
Q

The girders are suspended by hangers tied to the main cables which hang from the towers. The load is transmitted mainly by tension in cable. The cables in tension support the road. This design is suitable for long span bridges.

A

Suspension Bridges

44
Q

TYPE OF BRIDGES: AS TO SUPPORT CONDITION

A
  1. Simply‐Supported Bridges
  2. Continuously Supported Bridges
  3. Gerber Bridges
45
Q

The main girders or trusses are supported by a movable hinge at one end and a fixed hinge at the other (simple support); thus, they can be analyzed using only the conditions of equilibrium.

A

Simply‐Supported Bridges

46
Q

Girders or trusses are supported continuously by more than three supports, resulting in a structurally indeterminate system. These tend to be more economical since fewer expansion joints, which have a common cause of service and maintenance problems, are needed. Shrinkage at the supports must be avoided.

A

Continuously Supported Bridges

47
Q

Also called as cantilever bridge. It is a continuous bridge is rendered determinate by placing intermediate hinges between the supports.

A

Gerber bridge

48
Q

TYPE OF BRIDGES: As To Position Of Traveled Roadway

A
  1. Deck
  2. Pony
  3. Half‐through
  4. Through
49
Q

TYPE OF BRIDGES: As To Durability

A
  1. Permanent Bridge
  2. Semi-permanent Bridge
  3. Temporary Bridge

BRIDGE ENGINEERING (1 decks)

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