Lesson 1

Question 1

What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase?

Answer 1

Sister chromatids separate at the centromere

Each chromatid is now a complete chromosome.

Question 2

What are the parts of a microscope?

Answer 2

• Tube
• Base
• Ocular lens

These components are essential for the functioning of a microscope.

Question 3

What are the stages of mitosis?

Answer 3

• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase

Each stage plays a crucial role in cell division.

Question 4

Why is DNA located in the nucleus?

Answer 4

• Keeps DNA in one place
• Keeps DNA safe

This organization protects genetic material from damage.

Question 5

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

Answer 5

Makes proteins

The RER is distinguished by the presence of ribosomes.

Question 6

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) produce?

Answer 6

Makes lipids (fats) and oils

Unlike the RER, the SER does not have ribosomes.

Question 7

What is the role of lysosomes?

Answer 7

• Filled with enzymes
• Where digestion happens
• Breaks down invading bacteria and damaged cell organelles

Lysosomes are essential for cellular digestion and waste management.

Question 8

What is the job of the Golgi body?

Answer 8

Sorts proteins and sends them to their destinations

It receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and packages lipids.

Question 9

What are the stages of interphase?

Answer 9

• G1
• S
• G2

Interphase is critical for cell growth and DNA replication.

Question 10

What occurs during metaphase?

Answer 10

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

This alignment is crucial for proper chromosome separation.

Question 11

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 11

Chromatids separate at the centromere and move to opposite ends of the cell

Each chromatid is now a complete chromosome.

Question 12

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 12

The process of splitting the cytoplasm

In plant cells, this involves the formation of a cell plate.

Question 13

What occurs during telophase?

Answer 13

• Mitotic spindle breaks down
• Two new nuclei form

This marks the near end of mitosis.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The process of splitting the cytoplasm is known as _______.

Answer 14

Cytokinesis

This process is crucial for the formation of two daughter cells.

Question 15

True or False: The cell membrane pinches in half during cytokinesis.

Answer 15

True

This pinching is essential for creating separate daughter cells.

Question 16

What forms the cell wall in plant cells during cytokinesis?

Answer 16

Cell plate

The cell plate develops into the cell wall as the new cells form.