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CAP > Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Lesson 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Cognitive Information Processing Theory?

A

The Cognitive Information Processing Theory refers to the proposed multistage theory of memory.

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2
Q

Who proposed the multi-store model of memory?

A

John William Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin proposed the multi-store model in 1968.

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3
Q

What are the three subsections of human memory in the multi-store model?

A

The three subsections are Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and Long-Term Memory.

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4
Q

What is Sensory Memory?

A

Sensory Memory holds information perceived through senses such as visual, olfactory, or auditory information.

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5
Q

What happens to sensory information that engages attention?

A

When sensory information engages attention, it is transferred to short-term memory.

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6
Q

How long does information last in Short-Term Memory?

A

Information in short-term memory lasts around 30 seconds.

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7
Q

What factors affect processing information in Short-Term Memory?

A

Cognitive abilities, attention, and focus on important information affect processing.

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8
Q

What role does repetition play in memory?

A

Repetition significantly helps the ability to remember details for a long time.

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9
Q

What is Long-Term Memory?

A

Long-Term Memory is thought to have unlimited space for storing memories from a long time ago.

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10
Q

What are various methods used to store information in long-term memory?

A

Methods include repetition, connecting information, relating information to meaningful experiences, and breaking up information into smaller chunks.

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11
Q

What are the factors affecting cognitive development in children?

A

Factors include biological (birth weight, nutrition, infectious diseases), socio-economic (parental assets, income, education), environmental (home environment, play materials, healthcare access), and psychosocial (parental mental health, interactions, cognitive stimulation, learning opportunities).

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12
Q

What is language development?

A

Language development is the process through which children acquire the ability to process speech and communicate.

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13
Q

What are the stages of language development?

A

The stages include: 1. Pre-linguistic stage (0-6 months), 2. Babbling stage (6-9 months), 3. Holophrastic stage (9-18 months), 4. Two-word stage (18+ months).

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14
Q

What occurs during the pre-linguistic stage?

A

Children communicate with sounds, cry, make cooing sounds, and recognize voices and facial expressions.

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15
Q

What happens during the babbling stage?

A

Children begin to babble, making noises and syllables that aren’t yet words, while developing mouth muscles and teeth.

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16
Q

What characterizes the holophrastic stage?

A

Children say single words that describe objects and identify basic needs, such as saying ‘dada’ to get their dad’s attention.

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17
Q

What is the two-word stage?

A

Children can speak two-word sentences that usually have some meaning, like ‘more food’ at the table.

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18
Q

What is the telegraphic stage?

A

The telegraphic stage occurs between the ages of 24 and 30 months. Children can speak phrases that are longer and have more than two elements.

Example: A child might say ‘The cat stands up on the table.’

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19
Q

What characterizes the multi-word stage?

A

Beyond 30 months, children enter the multi-word stage where they build increasingly complex sentences and incorporate morphemes.

Example: They use ‘dogs’ instead of ‘dog’ when referring to more than one dog.

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20
Q

What ability develops during the telegraphic stage?

A

Children develop the ability to understand basic instructions, including two-part orders like ‘go to your table and get your books.’

21
Q

What is the age range for the telegraphic stage?

A

The telegraphic stage occurs between the ages of 24 and 30 months.

22
Q

Who is Alfred Binet?

A

Alfred Binet was a French psychologist credited with inventing the first reliable intelligence test.

23
Q

What years did Alfred Binet live?

A

Alfred Binet lived from 1857 to 1911.

24
Q

What was Binet’s contribution to psychology?

A

Binet played an important role in the development of experimental psychology.

25
Q

What areas did Binet and Simon focus on in their intelligence test?

A

They focused on areas not explicitly taught in the classroom, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving skills.

26
Q

How many questions were included in the Binet-Simon Scale?

A

The Binet-Simon Scale included 30 questions.

27
Q

What is an example question from the Binet-Simon Scale?

A

An example question is asking about the difference between ‘boredom’ and ‘weariness.’

28
Q

What is the significance of the Binet-Simon Scale?

A

The Binet-Simon Scale was the first recognized IQ test.

29
Q

What is general intelligence?

A

General intelligence, also known as the general factor or g factor, refers to the existence of a broad mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measures.

30
Q

Who developed the two-factor theory of general intelligence?

A

Psychologist Charles Spearman helped develop the two-factor theory of general intelligence.

31
Q

What does Spearman’s two-factor theory state?

A

Spearman’s two-factor theory states that general intelligence or ‘g’ is correlated with specific abilities or ‘s’ to some degree.

32
Q

What are the components of general intelligence?

A

The components of general intelligence include fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

33
Q

What is fluid reasoning?

A

Fluid reasoning involves the ability to think flexibly and solve problems.

34
Q

What is knowledge in the context of general intelligence?

A

Knowledge is a person’s general understanding of a wide range of topics and can be equated with crystallized intelligence.

35
Q

What is quantitative reasoning?

A

Quantitative reasoning is an individual’s capacity to solve problems that involve numbers.

36
Q

What is visual-spatial processing?

A

Visual-spatial processing relates to a person’s abilities to interpret and manipulate visual information, such as putting together puzzles and copying complex shapes.

37
Q

Who focused on primary mental abilities?

A

Psychologist Louis L. Thurstone focused on seven primary mental abilities rather than a single, general ability.

38
Q

What is working memory?

A

Working memory involves the use of short-term memory, such as being able to repeat a list of items.

39
Q

What is general intelligence?

A

General intelligence, also known as the general factor or g factor, refers to the existence of a broad mental capacity that influences performance on cognitive ability measures.

40
Q

Who developed the two-factor theory of general intelligence?

A

Psychologist Charles Spearman helped develop the two-factor theory of general intelligence.

41
Q

What does Spearman’s two-factor theory state?

A

Spearman’s two-factor theory states that general intelligence or ‘g’ is correlated with specific abilities or ‘s’ to some degree.

42
Q

What are the components of general intelligence?

A

The components of general intelligence include fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.

43
Q

What is fluid reasoning?

A

Fluid reasoning involves the ability to think flexibly and solve problems.

44
Q

What is knowledge in the context of general intelligence?

A

Knowledge is a person’s general understanding of a wide range of topics and can be equated with crystallized intelligence.

45
Q

What is quantitative reasoning?

A

Quantitative reasoning is an individual’s capacity to solve problems that involve numbers.

46
Q

What is visual-spatial processing?

A

Visual-spatial processing relates to a person’s abilities to interpret and manipulate visual information, such as putting together puzzles and copying complex shapes.

47
Q

Who focused on primary mental abilities?

A

Psychologist Louis L. Thurstone focused on seven primary mental abilities rather than a single, general ability.

48
Q

What is working memory?

A

Working memory involves the use of short-term memory, such as being able to repeat a list of items.

CAP (2 decks)

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