Lesson 1 Flashcards
Systematized body of knowledge
Science
Observing +Measuring + Experimenting+ Testing
Scientific method
Which study natural phenomena (including biological life)
Natural science
Study human behavior and societies
Social sciences
-applied in science
-it is developed as a result of scientific discoveries
Technology
Large grouping that shares the same territory and is a subject to the same political authority dominant cultural expectations
Society
•emerged c. 3,500 BC in the southern region of Mesopotamia (present day Iraq.)
•They rely on agriculture as the primary source of livelihood
•Created irrigation system by constructing dikes and canals to control flooding.
•Built large structures from sun-dried bricks made of Clay.
•invented the wheel, sail, and plow improving trade and farming.
•Forged bronze from Copper and tin (around 3,000 BC) allowing for stronger tools and weapons.
•Credited for developing the first formal writing system called “cuneiform”
•Introduced a 360-day calendar
•Developed the sexagesimal number system of counting in units and intervals of sixty(60) which served as the basis for graduating the circumference of a circle to 360 degrees and the sixty minutes equal graduationsbto an hour duration in time.
Sumerian civilization (Ancient Times)
•Spans from about 3,500 BC until 500 BC located in the border of the famous Euphrates and Tigris rivers in Iraq.
•Likewise dig canals and developed earthen dikes to irrigate their crops and provide water to their livestock.
•adopted the Sumerian sexagesimal system.
•Babylonians astronomers compiled lists of planets and stars.
Babylonian Civilization (Ancient times)
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Historians noted that ancient Egypt began between 5,000
– 3,100 BC geographically situated in the Northeastern part of
Africa.
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The Nile River provided Egypt the necessary water
requirements to support agricultural activities.
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Produced a variety of earthen wares and pottery items.
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Worked on metals to produce tools, weapons and
agricultural implements.
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Constructed dwellings made of reeds and air-dried mud
bricks.
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Built great pyramids
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Ancient Egyptians devised a 365-day calendar.
Egyptian Civilization (ancient times)
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Greek civilization emerged
at around 1,100 BC.
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Scientific works of wise and
gifted Greeks such as Thales,
Socrates, Hippocrates, Aristotle,
Archimedes, and Ptolemy
served as foundation and
pillars of western civilization.
Greek civilization (ancient times)
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Spanned from 102 – 44 BC
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The Romans developed
infrastructure networks and
constructed roads from Rome to
other places in Italy.
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Constructed big permanent
structures such as domes,
colosseum, and stadiums
Roman civilization
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The plow was invented and the lunar calendar
was developed in China.
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Chinese doctors started the use of acupuncture.
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Astronomers were able to record solar eclipses.
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The Chinese used natural gas for lighting.
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They used bamboo strips or paper made from
barks to write on.
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Developed the technology of paper making and
invention of printing press.
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Invented “earthquake weather clock” or what is
now known as the seismograph.
Chinese civilization
Also known as the” Dark Ages” since there are few written records
from the said era.
It is considered to be one of the creative periods in the history of
humans
sparked the beginning of the first industrial
revolution.
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Vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clocks were invented.
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Gothic style building techniques came about.
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Considered as one of the greatest inventions during this period
was the mechanized printing press by Johannes Gutenberg.
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Gunpowder was invented in China sometime between the 9th
and 11th centuries, and it did not take long for it to be used in
weapons. It would revolutionize warfare and make previous military
technology obsolete
Medieval
Period/Middle Ages
(ca. 500 – 1500)
Also known as the” Dark Ages” since there are few written records
from the said era.
It is considered to be one of the creative periods in the history of
humans
sparked the beginning of the first industrial
revolution.
•
Vertical windmills, spectacles, mechanical clocks were invented.
•
Gothic style building techniques came about.
•
Considered as one of the greatest inventions during this period
was the mechanized printing press by Johannes Gutenberg.
•
Gunpowder was invented in China sometime between the 9th
and 11th centuries, and it did not take long for it to be used in
weapons. It would revolutionize warfare and make previous military
technology obsolete
Medieval
Period/Middle Ages
(ca. 500 – 1500)
Who intented printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg.
The term renaissance refers to the period of the rebirth
as age of preparation for the seventeenth century
scientific developments and achievements
Renaissance Period
(15th – 17th
Century)
made the first reflecting telescope
Isaac Newton
The compound microscope was developed by
Zacharias janssen
Who is the Polish mathematician and astronomer who presented the theory of heliocentric where
he said that the sun is the center of the solar system
instead of the earth.
Nicolaus
Copernicus
He improved the telescope, discovered
new celestial bodies, and found support for a
heliocentric solar system. He also invented the
thermometer in 1593.
Galileo Galilei
The transition to new manufacturing
processes. This transition included going from hand production
methods to machines, the increasing use of steam power, the
development of machine tools, and the rise of the factory system.
Industrial
Revolution
(18th Century)
Scottish inventor refinement to the steam
engine began the revolution
James Watt’s
He invented the steamboat using one of the
engines of Watt.
Robert Fulton
Invented the light bulb
Thomas edison
developed the first steam powered
locomotive.
George Stephenson
witnessed in the 19th century. The
effects of scientific and technological developments are evident in
the areas of communication, transportation, and electricity. Food
processing and medicine posed some of the bigger challenges since
health was of great concern
Modern Times
(19th Century)
invented the telegraph and the Morse Code.
Samuel morse
Who invented the telephone
Alexander Graham bell
Invented the Facsimile
Alexander Bain
Invented the microphone
Charles Wheatstone
invented the typewriter and typographer
William burt
demonstrated the principles of fiber optics.
John tyndall
He proved the feasibility of radio communication
Guglielmo Marconi
She invented the internal combustion engine
Jean lenoir
He invented the battery.
Count Alessandro Volta
He invented the Electro-magnet
William Sturgeon
He invented the dynamo
Michael faraday
He invented the Mechanical calculator
Charles Babbage
He invented the modern matches
John walker
He Patented the rotary washing machine
Hamilton smith
He invented the process of pasteurization.
Louis Pasteur
He invented the dynamite.
Alfred Nobel
The Scottish biologist who discovered penicillin
Alexander Fleming
There had been a lot of claims on who invented the television but it
was in 1940 that the modern color TV system was invented by Peter
Goldmark.
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Nuclear fission research began in the 1930’s resulting to the
development of the atomic bomb used in the Second World War. Post
war researches by the superpowers to develop nuclear industries led to
the generation of electricity of the first Russian nuclear reactor in 1951.
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It was in 1942 that the first electronic digital computer was made.
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Personal computer resulted in the development of a microprocessor
in 1971 that made the computer smaller, easier to use, and more
affordable
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Mobile phone was invented in 1947 but cell phones were not sold
until 1983.
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1989 saw the advent of the World Wide Web.
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The field of artificial intelligence research was born at Dartmouth
College in 1956.
Modern Times
(20th Century
