Lesson 1 Flashcards
What is an Electric Charge?
It is a electrical property that is either positive (proton) or negative (electron)
How is charge measured?
In Columbs
What is a fundamental charge?
The electric charge possessed by a single proton, or an elecron.
How much is 1 coloumb of charge in protons as one fundamental charge?
6.25x10^18=1.6x10^-19 C
What is Electric Current
The rate of flow of charge
Where does current flow
Current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal
Where does electrons flow
Flows from the negative to positive terminal
What is the SI unit of curret
Ampere (A)
What is the formula of current
Current=Charge/Time
I=Q/T
What is Electric Potential
The potential (or voltage) at a point with respect to a reference point (ground) in the electrical system.
What is required for electric charges in a medium?
Voltage is required
What is the Si units of voltage?
Volt (V)
What is the formula of voltage?
Voltage=Work/Charge
V=W/Q
What is potential difference?
The algebraic difference in a potential (or voltage difference between two points in a electrical circuit
What is the SI unit for potential difference ( Difference in Voltage)
Volt (V)
What is the Formula for Potential Difference
Difference in V=Current x Resistance
Change in V=IR
What is Electromotive Force (EMF)
Primary source of electrical energy without internal resistance.
Examples: Batteries, dry cells, solar panels and generators
What is the SI unit for EMF
Volt (V)
What is the formula for EMF
πΈππΉ=βπ+πΌπ Volts β>Conservation of Energy
What is Ground (GND)
A Ground (GND) is a reference point in an electrical circuit that serves as a safety and reference point for voltages.
Providing a path for excess current to safely dissipate into the earth, protecting against electrical faults.
The Ground (GND) is linked to the earth physically.
What is the difference between GND and COM
it may not be connected to the earth directly. For example, a digital multimeter.
What is Electric Resistance?
The opposition to the movement of electrical charges.
What are the sources of Electric Resistance?
Sources: Insulators, resistors, and hot wires
What is the SI unit for resistance?
S.I unit: Ohm (β¦)
What is the formula for Resitance?
Formula: π =π/πΌ Ohms
Another formula for resistance?
Alternatively, R can be expressed as π =ππ/π΄
What is Electrical Energy?
The amount of energy used to move charged particles through a wire.
What is the SI unit for electrical energy?
S.I unit: Joule (J)
What is the formula for electrical energy?
Formula: π=ππ ππ π=ππΌπ‘ Joules
What is Electrical Power?
The rate of electrical energy transferred by an electric circuit.
What is the SI unit for Electrical Power
SI unit Watt (W)
What is the formula for Electrical Power
Formula: π=π/π‘ ππ ππ/π‘ ππ ππΌ ππ πΌ^2 π ππ π^2/π Watts
What is a Short Circuit?
A short circuit occurs when an electrical current flows through an unintended path with very little (or zero) resistance.
What are the risks of a short circuit?
Often leads to excessive current flow, which can generate heat, damage components, pose safety risks or cause fires.
When does a short circuit occur?
This usually happens when two points in a circuit that should not be directly connected come into contact (faulty wiring, damaged insulation, wrong connections etc.), allowing current to bypass the intended load.
What is the formula for resistance in a series connection?
Total resistance, π _π π’π=π _1+π _2+π _3
What is the formula for resistance in a parallel connection?
Total resistance, π _π π’π can be determined by 1/π _π π’π =1/π _1 +1/π _2 +1/π _3
Formula linking Voltage Energy and Charge
Energy=Voltage x Charge
