Lesson 1 Flashcards
A branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace.
INDUSTRIAL/ ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGY is about:
• Job Analysis
• Recruitment
• Selection
• Training
• Performance Appraisal
• Training and Development
ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY is about:
• Leadership
• Job Satisfaction
• Employee Motivation
• Organizational Development
• Conflict Management
• Organizational Change
• Group Process
work to improve workplace environments and enhance employee performance and satisfaction.
Industrial/organizational (I/O) Psychology
A teaching model in which students are trained first to be scientists and second to be able to apply the science of their field to find solutions to real-world problems.
SCIENTIST-PRACTITIONER MODEL
MAJOR FIELDS OF I/O PSYCHOLOGY
PERSONNEL, ORGANIZATIONAL, HUMAN FACTORS/ERGONOMICS
The field of the study that concentrates on the selection and evaluation of employees.
PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY
The field of the study that investigates the behavior of employees within the context of an organization.
ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
The field of the study concentrating on the interaction between humans and machine.
HUMAN FACTORS/ERGONOMICS
Studied the capitalistic order of production and concluded that rational self-interest and the division of labor was the way to create wealth.
ADAM SMITH
Workers does not own the means of production, he is likely to be exploited for the benefit of the owners.
KARL MARX
His statistical methods were an important part of a major contribution of i/o psychology: testing and selection of people for jobs.
FRANCIS GALTON
Two experimental psychologist are credited for being the main founders of the field:
• HUGO MÜNSTERBERG
• WALTER DILL SCOTT
“The father of Industrial Psychology”
HUGO MÜNSTERBERG
Pioneered the use of psychological principles to produce more effective advertisement. He published “The Theory and Practice of Advertising”
WALTER DILL SCOTT
He created the Psychological Corporation.
The main purpose was to advance psychology and promote its usefulness to industry. It also served as a place for companies to get reference checks on prospective psychologists.
JAMES MCKEEN CATTELL
He started the Division of Applied Psychology for Carnegie Institute of Technology - the first academic program in industrial psychology (Krumm, 2001). He headed the Personal Research Federation and directed The Psychological Corporation.
WALTER VAN DYKE BINGHAM
_ is held to be the first true industrial/organizational psychologist.
LILLIAN GILBRETH
A wife and husband team who combined psychology and engineering to study efficient ways of performing tasks.
FRANK AND LILLIAN GILBRETH
During WWl, _ and others offered their services to the Army.
Their newly invented psychological tests led to the identification of Army Alpha and
Army Beta.
ROBERT MEARNS YERKES
An intelligence test developed during World War I and used by the army for soldiers who
can read.
ARMY ALPHA
An intelligence test developed during World War I and used by the army for soldiers who
cannot read.
ARMY BETA
A social philosopher, she advocated people-oriented organizations. Her writings focused on groups, opposed to individuals, in the organization. Thus, Follet’s theory was a forerunner of today’s teamwork concept and group cohesiveness.
MARY PARKER FOLLETT
An engineer who studied employee productivity, he developed an approach to handling production workers in factories.
FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR
Taylor showed that workers who handled heavy iron ingots could be more productive if they had rest -increased efficiency of work.
“Pig iron experiments”
His Human Relations approach countered scientific management.
ELTON MAYO
Frederick Taylor’s approach to work motivation, called __ , became popular in the late 1800s and early 1900s.
Scientific Management
A series of studies that have come to represent any change in behavior when people react to change in the environment.
HAWTHORNE STUDIES
When employees change their behavior solely to the fact that they are receiving attention or are being observed.
HAWTHORNE EFFECT
He led the first publication of an empirical study of the effects of leadership styles which initiated arguments for the use of participative management techniques.
KURT ZADEK LEWIN
ETHICAL ISSUES IN RESEARCH
• Right to Informed Consent
• Right to Privacy
• Right to Confidentiality
• Right to Protection from Deception
• Right to Debriefing
