lesson 1

Question 1

It has been defined as the profession which is concerned with the art and science of preparing drugs either from natural or synthetic sources in a suitable and convenient dosage form for administration of treatment, and prevention of diseases both of man and animals.

Answer 1

Pharmacy

Question 2

The word Pharmacy is derived from the Greek word:

Answer 2

Pharmakon - medicine or drug

Question 3

It is the person considered the expert on drugs.

Answer 3

Pharmacist

Question 4

Historically, the fundamental role of pharmacists as healthcare practitioners is to:

Answer 4

distribute drugs that have been prescribed by a prescriber to patients

Question 5

In more modern times, pharmacists advise patients and health care providers on the selection, dosages, interactions, and side effects of medications, and act as a learned intermediary between a prescriber and a patient.

Pharmacists monitor health and progress of patients to ensure the safe and effective use of medication.

Question 6

Pharmacists may practice compounding; however, most medicines today are produced by pharmaceutical companies in a standard dosage and drug delivery form.

Question 7

In many jurisdictions, pharmacists have prescriptive authority to either independently prescribe under their own authority or in collaboration with a primary care physician through an agreed upon protocol.

Question 8

Ancient man learned from instinct, from observation of birds and beasts. What were his first soothing application?

Answer 8

Cool water
Leaf
Dirt
Mud

Question 9

During the Middle Ages remnants of the Western knowledge of Pharmacy and Medicine were preserved in the:

Answer 9

Monasteries (5th - 12th Centuries)

Question 10

During Monastic Pharmacy, ___ from many islands were translated or copied for monastery libraries.

Answer 10

Manuscripts

Question 11

The monks gathered HERBS and SIMPLES in the field, or raised them in their own herb gardens. These they prepared according to the ART OF APOTHECARY for the benefit of the sick and injured. Gardens such as these still may be found in monasteries in many countries.

Answer 11

Monastic Pharmacy

Question 12

They separated the arts of apothecary and physician, establishing in Baghdad late in the eighth century the first privately owned drug stores.

Answer 12

Arabs

Question 13

Where and When did the Arabs establish privately owned drug stores?

Answer 13

Baghdad, Late in the 8th century

Question 14

The Arabs preserved much of the Greco-Roman wisdom, added to it, developing with the aid of their natural resources syrups, confections, conserves, distilled waters and alcoholic liquids.

Question 15

The apothecary is examining ___ offered by a traveling merchant, while children indulge their taste for sweets with ___. When the ___ swept across Africa, Spain and southern France, they carried with them a new pattern of Pharmacy which Western Europe soon assimilated.

Answer 15

logs of sandalwood

stalks of sugar cane

Moslems

Question 16

When the Moslems swept across ___,___,___, they carried with them a new pattern of Pharmacy which Western Europe soon assimilated.

Answer 16

Africa
Spain
Southern France

Question 17

What was established in Philadelphia in 1751?

Answer 17

Colonial America’s First Hospital (Pennsylvania)

Question 18

When did the first Hospital Pharmacy began operations in Pennsylvania?

Answer 18

1752

Question 19

the first Hospital Pharmacy began operations there in 1752, temporarily set up in the KINSEY HOUSE, which served until the first hospital building was completed. The ingenuity of Benjamin Franklin was helpful in both.

Question 20

First Hospital Pharmacist

Answer 20

Jonathan Roberts

Question 21

Jonathan Robert’s successor whose practice as a hospital pharmacist (1755-56), and whose impact upon Pharmacy and Medicine influenced changes that were to become of importance to the development of professional pharmacy in North America.

Answer 21

John Morgan

Question 22

First as pharmacist, later as physician, he advocated prescription writing and championed independent practice of two professions.

Answer 22

John Morgan

Question 23

The Father of American Pharmacy

Answer 23

William Procter, Jr.

Question 24

Where and When did William Procter graduate?

Answer 24

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy
1837

Question 25

How many years did W Procter serve as Professor of Pharmacy?

Answer 25

20 years

Question 26

Procter was a leader in founding ___; served that organization as its first secretary; later, as its president;

Answer 26

The American Pharmaceutical Association

Question 27

How many years did Procter serve the U.S.P. Revision Committee?

Answer 27

30 years

Question 28

Procter was an editor for 22 years at?

Answer 28

American Journal of Pharmacy

Question 29

In ___, though retired, Procter continued to edit the Journal in a small publication office located besides the College’s Tenth Street building.

Answer 29

1869

Question 30

From retirement Procter returned to P.C.P.’s chair of Pharmacy in1872; literally died “in the harness,” in 1874.

Question 31

He launched the pharmacy course at the University of Michigan in 1868, and critical attention was aroused because he abandoned the traditional requirement of pre-graduation apprenticeship.

Answer 31

Dr. Albert B. Prescott

Question 32

At the 1871 convention of the American Pharmaceutical Association, he was denied credentials and ostracized. However, the Michigan course pioneered other major changes: laboratory pharmacy, a definite curriculum that included basic sciences, and a program that demanded students’ full-time attention.

During the next thirty years, Dr. Prescott had the satisfaction of seeing his once revolutionary innovations generally adopted by pharmaceutical faculties.

Question 33

Pharmacy, with its heritage of 50 centuries of service to mankind, has come to be recognized as of the great professions. Like Medicine, it has come through many revolutions, has learned many things, and has had to discard many of its older ways. Pharmacists are among the community’s finest educated people.

Question 34

When today’s retail pharmacist fills a prescription written by a physician, he provides a professional service incorporating the benefits of the work of pharmacists in all branches of the profession:

Answer 34

Education
Research
Development
Standards
Production
Distribution.

Question 35

Greatest strides in the profession were made in the early ___

Answer 35

1940s

Question 36

August 21, 1942

Answer 36

formation of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists

Question 37

the Hospital Pharmacists of today’s hospitals, serve on such vital committees as the

Answer 37

Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee

Question 38

The original Minimum Standard for Pharmacies in Hospital was developed and adopted by the:

Answer 38

American Colleges of Surgeons in 1935

Question 39

A revised version was adopted by the:

Approved by the American Pharmaceutical Association.

Answer 39

American Society of Hospital Pharmacists in 1950

Question 40

The pharmaceutical service shall be directed by a professionally competent, legally qualified pharmacist. He/she must be on the same level within the institution’s administrative structure as directors of other clinical services.

Answer 40

Standard I: Administration

Question 41

There shall be adequate space, equipment, and supplies for the professional and administrative functions of the pharmacy.

Answer 41

Standard II: Facilities

Question 42

The pharmacy shall be responsible for the procurement, distribution, and control of all drugs used within the institution.

Answer 42

Standard III: Drug Distribution and Control

Question 43

The pharmacy is responsible for providing institution’s staff and patients with accurate, comprehensive information about drugs and their use and shall serve as its center for drug information.

Answer 43

Standard IV: Drug Information

Question 44

An important aspect of pharmaceutical services is that of maximizing rational drug use. In this regard, the pharmacist, in concert with the medical staff, must develop policies and procedures of assuring the quality of drug therapy.

Answer 44

Standard V: Assuring Rational Drug Therapy

Question 45

The pharmacist should conduct, participate in, and support medical and pharmaceutical research appropriate to the goals, objectives, and resources of pharmacy and the institution.

Answer 45

Standard VI: Research

Question 46

Minimum Standards:

Answer 46

I - Administration
II - Facilities
III - Drug Distribution and Control
IV - Drug Information
V - Assuring Rational Drug Therapy
VI - Research

Question 47

ASHP official organ:

Answer 47

American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy

Question 48

Areas of institutional practice must include the responsibility for:

Answer 48

 Unit dose
 Hyperalimentation
 Intravenous additives
 Educational and clinical pharmacy programs
 In certain locales, participation in scientific and administrative research endeavors

Question 49

Also hospital pharmacists have
become involved in the preparations of:

Answer 49

 Preparation of patient drug profiles
 Recording patient drug history
 Advising physician of possible drug-drug interactions, and
 Drug effects on clinical laboratory test results

Question 50

Later, a “Guide of Application” for each of the six sections
of the Minimum Standards was appended as
supplementary material, and developed by the American
Society of Hospital Pharmacists, without approval from
other organizations.

Answer 50

 Thus, there is an important differentiation that must be
recognized between the two documents - the former is an official document, whereas the latter is supplementary
information.