Lesson 1 Flashcards
systematic, organized, knowledge and systematic nature that sets science apart from other types of understanding
simply concerned with evidence and with theory.
Science
Four Meanings of Science
- ideas, theories, and all available systematic explanations and observations about the natural and physical world.
- encompasses or includes systematic and practical study of the natural and physical world. This process of study involves systematic observation and experimentation.
- can be a subject or a discipline, field of study, or body of knowledge that deals with the process of learning about the natural and physical world.
- science is both knowledge and activities done by human beings to develop better understanding of the world around us.
Science as an idea
Science as an intellectual activity
Science as a body of knowledge
Science as a personal and social activity
– an applied science which scientists produce or generate knowledge and technologists turn it to important products and devices such as computers, aircraft, carriers, spacecraft and other machines.
– body or reservoir of skills and knowledge by which we control and modify its systems, processes and developments in the world.
Technology
Four Meanings of Technology
- technology will sometimes be used to mean and refer to material products of human making or
fabrication. - complex of knowledge, methods, materials and
technics used in making a certain kind of technic at
a certain point of time. - a distinctive form or kind of human cultural activity, just as the terms art, law, medicine, sport and religion.
- societal enterprise of technology that is the complex of knowledge, people skills, organizations, facilities,
technics, physical resources, methods and technologies that are taken together and in relationship to one
another are devoted to the research development,
production and operation of technics.
Technology as technics
Technology as a technology
Technology as a form of human cultural activity
Technology as a total societal enterprise
– period of enlightenment when the developments
in the fields of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry transformed views of society about nature.
Scientific Revolution
– group of individuals involved in persistent
social interaction
Society
Ancient People Concerned With:
– Transportation and
Navigation
– Communication and
Record - keeping
– Mass Production
– Security and Protection
– Health
– Aesthetics
– Architecture
Scientific Revolution Influences
Science ideas
Society
Human
Variables that influence the Development of Science ideas, Science discoveries and Technology
Creativity
Curiosity
Critical Thinking
Passion to know
Passion to discover
Ancient times
❑Sumerian civilization
- cuneiform
- Uruk City
- The Great Ziggurat of Ur
- irrigation and dikes
- sailboats
- wheel
- plow
Ancient times
❑Babylonian civilization
- sexagesimal system of counting in units
- interval of 60
- earthen dikes
Hammurabi
– Code of Hammurabi
❖Nebuchadnezzar II
– hanging gardens of Babylon
Ancient times
❑Egyptian civilization
- Paper of Papyrus
- ink
- Hieroglyphics
- cosmetics
- wig
- water clock or Clepsydra
Ancient Times
❑Roman civilization
- newspaper
- Bound books or Codex
- portraiture and architectural engineering
- sanitation
- passion
- transportation
- Roman numerals
Ancient times
❑Greek civilization
-Alarm clock
-Water mill
❖Claudius Ptolemy - geocentric
❖Archimedes – buoyancy
❖Aristotle – plants and
animal classification
❖Socrates – Western
philosophy
❖Thales – father of Western philosophy
Ancient Times
❑Chinese civilization
- silk
- Tea production
- Great Wall of China
- gunpowder
Ancient Times
❑Persian civilization
- standard weights and measures
- coins of gold and silver
Ancient Times
❑Cretan or Minoan civilization
- ship building
Medieval/Middle Ages -
Mesoamerica
❑ Inca civilization
- roads paved with stones
- stone buildings
- irrigation system
- calendar with 12 months
- first suspension bridge
- quipu – system of knotted ropes to keep records that only experts can interpret
- Inca textiles
Middle Ages - Mesoamerica
❑ Maya civilization
- astronomy
- pyramid of Chichén Itzá in Mexico
- calendar systems
- hydraulic system
- looms
- Mica – rainbow of glittery paints made from mineral
- rubber products
- Mayan hieroglyphics
- developed concept of zero and positional value
Middle Ages - Asia
❑Chinese civilization
(China)
- system of fighting
- art of war
- black powder
- herbal or medical plants
- noodles or Chinese pasta
- paper currency
- iron plough
- wheelbarrow
- propeller
- compass
- papermaking
- printing tools (wood block)
Middle Ages - Asia
❑ Indus-Hindu civilization (India)
- manufacturing iron and metallurgical works (iron steel)
- medicine
- Ayurveda – system of traditional medicine
- Susruta Samhita – ancient texts that describes different surgical and other medical
procedures - astronomy
- Aryabhatiya – book of number of trigonometric functions, tables, and techniques as well
as algorithms of algebra - letters and numbers
- mathematical concepts
- pharmacopoeia
Middle Ages - Mesoamerica
❑Aztec civilization
- Mandatory education
- chocolates
- Antispasmodic medication
- chinampa
- Aztec calendar
- Invention of canoe
Middle Ages - Asia ❑Arabic civilization (Middle East countries)
- religion (Islam)
- mathematical system
- Book of Healing and
The Canon of Medicine
Middle Ages - Africa
❑African civilization
- astronomy
- three types of calendars: lunar, solar and stellar or combination
of the three - metallurgy
- Lebombo bone – tool for multiplication, division and simple
mathematical calculation or a six month lunar calendar, oldest
known mathematical artifact dated from 35,000 B.C.E.
Middle
