Lesson 1

Question 1

It was defined as “the process
of guiding an individual.”

Answer 1

Guidance

Question 2

a number of reform
movements occurred simultaneously that eventually influenced
the development of the counseling profession.

Answer 2

Social Reform Movements

Question 3

a number of reform
movements occurred simultaneously that eventually influenced
the development of the counseling profession.

Answer 3

Social Reform Movements

Question 4

who insisted on more humanistic
teaching methods and access to public education.

Answer 4

John Dewey (1859–1952)

Question 5

Who are the First professional counselors

Answer 5

Vocational Guidance workers

Question 6

developed one of the first guidance curricula
that focused on moral and vocational guidance

Answer 6

Jesse Davis (1871–1955)

Question 7

New York City principal who had written a
booklet called Choosing a Career, started vocational guidance in New
York.

Answer 7

Eli Weaver (1862–1922)

Question 8

established guidance services in the Seattle school system.

Answer 8

Anna Reed (1871-1946)

Question 9

had the greatest impact on the development of
vocational guidance in the United States. Founder of guidance in the United States

Answer 9

Frank Parsons (1854–1908)

Question 10

assisted individuals in “choosing an
occupation, preparing themselves for it, finding an opening in it, and building a career
of efficiency and success”.

Answer 10

Vocational Bureau,

Question 11

It’s not question but need to memorize

Answer 11

A deeper examination of his work shows that many of his principles eventually
became some of the major tenets of the counseling profession.

A. Expert guide when making difficult decisions
B. Personal choice (individual must choose for himself/herself)
C. Genuineness
D. Assist the client in the development of analytic skills

Question 12

suggested that guidance should be seen in a total educational
context and that “guidance counselors”

Answer 12

John Brewer (1932)

Question 13

he helped to establish the National
Committee for Mental Hygiene, which lobbied the U.S. Congress
to pass laws that would improve the deplorable conditions of
mental institutions.

Answer 13

Clifford Beers 1909

Question 14

developed what is considered to be the first
comprehensive theory of counseling called “Minnesota Point of View or trait-and-factor
theory.
“

Answer 14

E. G. Williamson (1900–1979)

Question 15

Examining the problem and obtaining available records and testing for the
client

Answer 15

Analysis

Question 16

Summarizing and organizing the information to understand the problem

Answer 16

Synthesis

Question 17

Interpreting the problem

Answer 17

Diagnosis

Question 18

Aiding the individual in finding solutions

Answer 18

Counseling

Question 19

Ensuring proper support after counseling had ended

Answer 19

Follow-up

Question 20

The trait-and-factor approach involved a series of five steps, which included the
following:

Answer 20

1. Analysis
2. Synthesis
3. Diagnosis
4. Counseling
5. Follow-up

Question 21

With the rise of ______during the 1930s and 1940s many humanistic philosophers,
psychiatrists, and psychologists fled Europe for the United States and dramatically
influenced the field of psychotherapy and education in their new country

Answer 21

Nazism

Question 22

one of the most influential psychologists and psychotherapists of the
twentieth century. Revolutionized the practice of counseling with his client-centered
approach.

Answer 22

Carl Rogers

Question 23

What year did the counseling profession shifted increasingly toward a humanistic,
nondirective orientation.

Answer 23

1950

Question 24

This decade saw the promulgation of the developmental theories in the areas of:

Answer 24

1. Career counseling
2. Child development
3. Lifespan development

Question 25

What year was the Launching of Sputnik (Russian Space vessel)

Answer 25

1957

Question 26

What year they saw a continued expansion and
diversification of the field of counseling, as well as a settling-in phase marked by an increased emphasis on
professionalism

Answer 26

1980-1990

Question 27

The 21st Century: Current Issues

Answer 27

1.Credentialing
2. Changes in Ethical Guidelines
3. Culturally Alert Counseling: Cross-Cultural Counseling and Advocacy
4. Counselor Efficacy: Evidence-based Practice and Common Factors
5. Crisis, Disaster, and Trauma Training
6. Technology and Online Counseling

Question 28

is a general term which means helping people to make wise choices and solve their
educational, vocational and personal problems.

Answer 28

Guidance

Question 29

First appeared around the 1600s and was defined as

Answer 29

“the process of guiding an individual.”

Question 30

is the skilled and principled use of relationship to facilitate self- knowledge, emotional
acceptance and growth and the optimal development of personal resources.

Answer 30

Counseling

Question 31

is a type of treatment that can help individuals experiencing a wide array of mental health conditions
and emotional challenges.

Answer 31

Psychotherapy

Question 32

spirit/soul & caring for another

Answer 32

Psyche and Therapeutikos

Question 33

-is the principle that addresses respect for independence, and self-determination.
-The essence of this principle is allowing an individual the freedom of choice and
action.

Answer 33

Autonomy

Question 34

-as Kitchener (1984) points out, is “treating equals equally and unequals unequally but
in proportion to their relevant differences”.

Answer 34

Justice

Question 35

-reflects the counselor’s responsibility to contribute to the welfare of the client

Answer 35

Beneficence

Question 36

is the concept of not causing harm to others. Often explained as “above all, do no
harm,” this principle is considered by some to be the most critical of all the principles,
even though theoretically they are all of equal weight.

Answer 36

Nonmaleficence

Question 37

-involves the notions of loyalty, faithfulness, and honoring commitments

Answer 37

Fidelity

Question 38

The goal of counselling is to build such a strong relationship between counsellor and
client that there is space for growth and exploration.
It starts by:

Answer 38

A. Building empathy
B. Non-judgmental and accepting space
C. Trust and Confidence
D. Guidance and Exploration
E. Sharing of skills
F. Discovering Resources
G. Empowering the client

Question 39

Foundational Principles of Counseling

Answer 39

1.Autonomy
2. Justice
3.Beneficence
4.Nonmaleficence
5.Fidelity

Question 40

Foundational Principles of Counseling

Answer 40

1.Autonomy
2. Justice
3.Beneficence
4.Nonmaleficence
5.Fidelity