Lesson 1 Flashcards
It was defined as “the process
of guiding an individual.”
Guidance
a number of reform
movements occurred simultaneously that eventually influenced
the development of the counseling profession.
Social Reform Movements
a number of reform
movements occurred simultaneously that eventually influenced
the development of the counseling profession.
Social Reform Movements
who insisted on more humanistic
teaching methods and access to public education.
John Dewey (1859–1952)
Who are the First professional counselors
Vocational Guidance workers
developed one of the first guidance curricula
that focused on moral and vocational guidance
Jesse Davis (1871–1955)
New York City principal who had written a
booklet called Choosing a Career, started vocational guidance in New
York.
Eli Weaver (1862–1922)
established guidance services in the Seattle school system.
Anna Reed (1871-1946)
had the greatest impact on the development of
vocational guidance in the United States. Founder of guidance in the United States
Frank Parsons (1854–1908)
assisted individuals in “choosing an
occupation, preparing themselves for it, finding an opening in it, and building a career
of efficiency and success”.
Vocational Bureau,
It’s not question but need to memorize
A deeper examination of his work shows that many of his principles eventually
became some of the major tenets of the counseling profession.
A. Expert guide when making difficult decisions
B. Personal choice (individual must choose for himself/herself)
C. Genuineness
D. Assist the client in the development of analytic skills
suggested that guidance should be seen in a total educational
context and that “guidance counselors”
John Brewer (1932)
he helped to establish the National
Committee for Mental Hygiene, which lobbied the U.S. Congress
to pass laws that would improve the deplorable conditions of
mental institutions.
Clifford Beers 1909
developed what is considered to be the first
comprehensive theory of counseling called “Minnesota Point of View or trait-and-factor
theory.
“
E. G. Williamson (1900–1979)
Examining the problem and obtaining available records and testing for the
client
Analysis
Summarizing and organizing the information to understand the problem
Synthesis
Interpreting the problem
Diagnosis
Aiding the individual in finding solutions
Counseling
Ensuring proper support after counseling had ended
Follow-up
The trait-and-factor approach involved a series of five steps, which included the
following:
- Analysis
- Synthesis
- Diagnosis
- Counseling
- Follow-up
With the rise of ______during the 1930s and 1940s many humanistic philosophers,
psychiatrists, and psychologists fled Europe for the United States and dramatically
influenced the field of psychotherapy and education in their new country
Nazism
one of the most influential psychologists and psychotherapists of the
twentieth century. Revolutionized the practice of counseling with his client-centered
approach.
Carl Rogers
What year did the counseling profession shifted increasingly toward a humanistic,
nondirective orientation.
1950
This decade saw the promulgation of the developmental theories in the areas of:
- Career counseling
- Child development
- Lifespan development
What year was the Launching of Sputnik (Russian Space vessel)
1957
What year they saw a continued expansion and
diversification of the field of counseling, as well as a settling-in phase marked by an increased emphasis on
professionalism
1980-1990
The 21st Century: Current Issues
1.Credentialing
2. Changes in Ethical Guidelines
3. Culturally Alert Counseling: Cross-Cultural Counseling and Advocacy
4. Counselor Efficacy: Evidence-based Practice and Common Factors
5. Crisis, Disaster, and Trauma Training
6. Technology and Online Counseling
is a general term which means helping people to make wise choices and solve their
educational, vocational and personal problems.
Guidance
First appeared around the 1600s and was defined as
“the process of guiding an individual.”
is the skilled and principled use of relationship to facilitate self- knowledge, emotional
acceptance and growth and the optimal development of personal resources.
Counseling
is a type of treatment that can help individuals experiencing a wide array of mental health conditions
and emotional challenges.
Psychotherapy
spirit/soul & caring for another
Psyche and Therapeutikos
-is the principle that addresses respect for independence, and self-determination.
-The essence of this principle is allowing an individual the freedom of choice and
action.
Autonomy
-as Kitchener (1984) points out, is “treating equals equally and unequals unequally but
in proportion to their relevant differences”.
Justice
-reflects the counselor’s responsibility to contribute to the welfare of the client
Beneficence
is the concept of not causing harm to others. Often explained as “above all, do no
harm,” this principle is considered by some to be the most critical of all the principles,
even though theoretically they are all of equal weight.
Nonmaleficence
-involves the notions of loyalty, faithfulness, and honoring commitments
Fidelity
The goal of counselling is to build such a strong relationship between counsellor and
client that there is space for growth and exploration.
It starts by:
A. Building empathy
B. Non-judgmental and accepting space
C. Trust and Confidence
D. Guidance and Exploration
E. Sharing of skills
F. Discovering Resources
G. Empowering the client
Foundational Principles of Counseling
1.Autonomy
2. Justice
3.Beneficence
4.Nonmaleficence
5.Fidelity
Foundational Principles of Counseling
1.Autonomy
2. Justice
3.Beneficence
4.Nonmaleficence
5.Fidelity
